webogram/app/vendor/angular/test-bundles/angular-route.js

/**
 * @license AngularJS v1.7.8
 * (c) 2010-2018 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
 * License: MIT
 */
(function(window, angular) {'use strict';

/**
 * @license AngularJS v1.7.8
 * (c) 2010-2018 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
 * License: MIT
 */
(function(window, angular) {

var ELEMENT_NODE = 1;
var COMMENT_NODE = 8;

var ADD_CLASS_SUFFIX = '-add';
var REMOVE_CLASS_SUFFIX = '-remove';
var EVENT_CLASS_PREFIX = 'ng-';
var ACTIVE_CLASS_SUFFIX = '-active';
var PREPARE_CLASS_SUFFIX = '-prepare';

var NG_ANIMATE_CLASSNAME = 'ng-animate';
var NG_ANIMATE_CHILDREN_DATA = '$$ngAnimateChildren';

// Detect proper transitionend/animationend event names.
var CSS_PREFIX = '', TRANSITION_PROP, TRANSITIONEND_EVENT, ANIMATION_PROP, ANIMATIONEND_EVENT;

// If unprefixed events are not supported but webkit-prefixed are, use the latter.
// Otherwise, just use W3C names, browsers not supporting them at all will just ignore them.
// Note: Chrome implements `window.onwebkitanimationend` and doesn't implement `window.onanimationend`
// but at the same time dispatches the `animationend` event and not `webkitAnimationEnd`.
// Register both events in case `window.onanimationend` is not supported because of that,
// do the same for `transitionend` as Safari is likely to exhibit similar behavior.
// Also, the only modern browser that uses vendor prefixes for transitions/keyframes is webkit
// therefore there is no reason to test anymore for other vendor prefixes:
// http://caniuse.com/#search=transition
if ((window.ontransitionend === undefined) && (window.onwebkittransitionend !== undefined)) {
  CSS_PREFIX = '-webkit-';
  TRANSITION_PROP = 'WebkitTransition';
  TRANSITIONEND_EVENT = 'webkitTransitionEnd transitionend';
} else {
  TRANSITION_PROP = 'transition';
  TRANSITIONEND_EVENT = 'transitionend';
}

if ((window.onanimationend === undefined) && (window.onwebkitanimationend !== undefined)) {
  CSS_PREFIX = '-webkit-';
  ANIMATION_PROP = 'WebkitAnimation';
  ANIMATIONEND_EVENT = 'webkitAnimationEnd animationend';
} else {
  ANIMATION_PROP = 'animation';
  ANIMATIONEND_EVENT = 'animationend';
}

var DURATION_KEY = 'Duration';
var PROPERTY_KEY = 'Property';
var DELAY_KEY = 'Delay';
var TIMING_KEY = 'TimingFunction';
var ANIMATION_ITERATION_COUNT_KEY = 'IterationCount';
var ANIMATION_PLAYSTATE_KEY = 'PlayState';
var SAFE_FAST_FORWARD_DURATION_VALUE = 9999;

var ANIMATION_DELAY_PROP = ANIMATION_PROP + DELAY_KEY;
var ANIMATION_DURATION_PROP = ANIMATION_PROP + DURATION_KEY;
var TRANSITION_DELAY_PROP = TRANSITION_PROP + DELAY_KEY;
var TRANSITION_DURATION_PROP = TRANSITION_PROP + DURATION_KEY;

var ngMinErr = angular.$$minErr('ng');
function assertArg(arg, name, reason) {
  if (!arg) {
    throw ngMinErr('areq', 'Argument \'{0}\' is {1}', (name || '?'), (reason || 'required'));
  }
  return arg;
}

function mergeClasses(a,b) {
  if (!a && !b) return '';
  if (!a) return b;
  if (!b) return a;
  if (isArray(a)) a = a.join(' ');
  if (isArray(b)) b = b.join(' ');
  return a + ' ' + b;
}

function packageStyles(options) {
  var styles = {};
  if (options && (options.to || options.from)) {
    styles.to = options.to;
    styles.from = options.from;
  }
  return styles;
}

function pendClasses(classes, fix, isPrefix) {
  var className = '';
  classes = isArray(classes)
      ? classes
      : classes && isString(classes) && classes.length
          ? classes.split(/\s+/)
          : [];
  forEach(classes, function(klass, i) {
    if (klass && klass.length > 0) {
      className += (i > 0) ? ' ' : '';
      className += isPrefix ? fix + klass
                            : klass + fix;
    }
  });
  return className;
}

function removeFromArray(arr, val) {
  var index = arr.indexOf(val);
  if (val >= 0) {
    arr.splice(index, 1);
  }
}

function stripCommentsFromElement(element) {
  if (element instanceof jqLite) {
    switch (element.length) {
      case 0:
        return element;

      case 1:
        // there is no point of stripping anything if the element
        // is the only element within the jqLite wrapper.
        // (it's important that we retain the element instance.)
        if (element[0].nodeType === ELEMENT_NODE) {
          return element;
        }
        break;

      default:
        return jqLite(extractElementNode(element));
    }
  }

  if (element.nodeType === ELEMENT_NODE) {
    return jqLite(element);
  }
}

function extractElementNode(element) {
  if (!element[0]) return element;
  for (var i = 0; i < element.length; i++) {
    var elm = element[i];
    if (elm.nodeType === ELEMENT_NODE) {
      return elm;
    }
  }
}

function $$addClass($$jqLite, element, className) {
  forEach(element, function(elm) {
    $$jqLite.addClass(elm, className);
  });
}

function $$removeClass($$jqLite, element, className) {
  forEach(element, function(elm) {
    $$jqLite.removeClass(elm, className);
  });
}

function applyAnimationClassesFactory($$jqLite) {
  return function(element, options) {
    if (options.addClass) {
      $$addClass($$jqLite, element, options.addClass);
      options.addClass = null;
    }
    if (options.removeClass) {
      $$removeClass($$jqLite, element, options.removeClass);
      options.removeClass = null;
    }
  };
}

function prepareAnimationOptions(options) {
  options = options || {};
  if (!options.$$prepared) {
    var domOperation = options.domOperation || noop;
    options.domOperation = function() {
      options.$$domOperationFired = true;
      domOperation();
      domOperation = noop;
    };
    options.$$prepared = true;
  }
  return options;
}

function applyAnimationStyles(element, options) {
  applyAnimationFromStyles(element, options);
  applyAnimationToStyles(element, options);
}

function applyAnimationFromStyles(element, options) {
  if (options.from) {
    element.css(options.from);
    options.from = null;
  }
}

function applyAnimationToStyles(element, options) {
  if (options.to) {
    element.css(options.to);
    options.to = null;
  }
}

function mergeAnimationDetails(element, oldAnimation, newAnimation) {
  var target = oldAnimation.options || {};
  var newOptions = newAnimation.options || {};

  var toAdd = (target.addClass || '') + ' ' + (newOptions.addClass || '');
  var toRemove = (target.removeClass || '') + ' ' + (newOptions.removeClass || '');
  var classes = resolveElementClasses(element.attr('class'), toAdd, toRemove);

  if (newOptions.preparationClasses) {
    target.preparationClasses = concatWithSpace(newOptions.preparationClasses, target.preparationClasses);
    delete newOptions.preparationClasses;
  }

  // noop is basically when there is no callback; otherwise something has been set
  var realDomOperation = target.domOperation !== noop ? target.domOperation : null;

  extend(target, newOptions);

  // TODO(matsko or sreeramu): proper fix is to maintain all animation callback in array and call at last,but now only leave has the callback so no issue with this.
  if (realDomOperation) {
    target.domOperation = realDomOperation;
  }

  if (classes.addClass) {
    target.addClass = classes.addClass;
  } else {
    target.addClass = null;
  }

  if (classes.removeClass) {
    target.removeClass = classes.removeClass;
  } else {
    target.removeClass = null;
  }

  oldAnimation.addClass = target.addClass;
  oldAnimation.removeClass = target.removeClass;

  return target;
}

function resolveElementClasses(existing, toAdd, toRemove) {
  var ADD_CLASS = 1;
  var REMOVE_CLASS = -1;

  var flags = {};
  existing = splitClassesToLookup(existing);

  toAdd = splitClassesToLookup(toAdd);
  forEach(toAdd, function(value, key) {
    flags[key] = ADD_CLASS;
  });

  toRemove = splitClassesToLookup(toRemove);
  forEach(toRemove, function(value, key) {
    flags[key] = flags[key] === ADD_CLASS ? null : REMOVE_CLASS;
  });

  var classes = {
    addClass: '',
    removeClass: ''
  };

  forEach(flags, function(val, klass) {
    var prop, allow;
    if (val === ADD_CLASS) {
      prop = 'addClass';
      allow = !existing[klass] || existing[klass + REMOVE_CLASS_SUFFIX];
    } else if (val === REMOVE_CLASS) {
      prop = 'removeClass';
      allow = existing[klass] || existing[klass + ADD_CLASS_SUFFIX];
    }
    if (allow) {
      if (classes[prop].length) {
        classes[prop] += ' ';
      }
      classes[prop] += klass;
    }
  });

  function splitClassesToLookup(classes) {
    if (isString(classes)) {
      classes = classes.split(' ');
    }

    var obj = {};
    forEach(classes, function(klass) {
      // sometimes the split leaves empty string values
      // incase extra spaces were applied to the options
      if (klass.length) {
        obj[klass] = true;
      }
    });
    return obj;
  }

  return classes;
}

function getDomNode(element) {
  return (element instanceof jqLite) ? element[0] : element;
}

function applyGeneratedPreparationClasses($$jqLite, element, event, options) {
  var classes = '';
  if (event) {
    classes = pendClasses(event, EVENT_CLASS_PREFIX, true);
  }
  if (options.addClass) {
    classes = concatWithSpace(classes, pendClasses(options.addClass, ADD_CLASS_SUFFIX));
  }
  if (options.removeClass) {
    classes = concatWithSpace(classes, pendClasses(options.removeClass, REMOVE_CLASS_SUFFIX));
  }
  if (classes.length) {
    options.preparationClasses = classes;
    element.addClass(classes);
  }
}

function clearGeneratedClasses(element, options) {
  if (options.preparationClasses) {
    element.removeClass(options.preparationClasses);
    options.preparationClasses = null;
  }
  if (options.activeClasses) {
    element.removeClass(options.activeClasses);
    options.activeClasses = null;
  }
}

function blockKeyframeAnimations(node, applyBlock) {
  var value = applyBlock ? 'paused' : '';
  var key = ANIMATION_PROP + ANIMATION_PLAYSTATE_KEY;
  applyInlineStyle(node, [key, value]);
  return [key, value];
}

function applyInlineStyle(node, styleTuple) {
  var prop = styleTuple[0];
  var value = styleTuple[1];
  node.style[prop] = value;
}

function concatWithSpace(a,b) {
  if (!a) return b;
  if (!b) return a;
  return a + ' ' + b;
}

var helpers = {
  blockTransitions: function(node, duration) {
    // we use a negative delay value since it performs blocking
    // yet it doesn't kill any existing transitions running on the
    // same element which makes this safe for class-based animations
    var value = duration ? '-' + duration + 's' : '';
    applyInlineStyle(node, [TRANSITION_DELAY_PROP, value]);
    return [TRANSITION_DELAY_PROP, value];
  }
};

var $$rAFSchedulerFactory = ['$$rAF', function($$rAF) {
  var queue, cancelFn;

  function scheduler(tasks) {
    // we make a copy since RAFScheduler mutates the state
    // of the passed in array variable and this would be difficult
    // to track down on the outside code
    queue = queue.concat(tasks);
    nextTick();
  }

  queue = scheduler.queue = [];

  /* waitUntilQuiet does two things:
   * 1. It will run the FINAL `fn` value only when an uncanceled RAF has passed through
   * 2. It will delay the next wave of tasks from running until the quiet `fn` has run.
   *
   * The motivation here is that animation code can request more time from the scheduler
   * before the next wave runs. This allows for certain DOM properties such as classes to
   * be resolved in time for the next animation to run.
   */
  scheduler.waitUntilQuiet = function(fn) {
    if (cancelFn) cancelFn();

    cancelFn = $$rAF(function() {
      cancelFn = null;
      fn();
      nextTick();
    });
  };

  return scheduler;

  function nextTick() {
    if (!queue.length) return;

    var items = queue.shift();
    for (var i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
      items[i]();
    }

    if (!cancelFn) {
      $$rAF(function() {
        if (!cancelFn) nextTick();
      });
    }
  }
}];

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngAnimateChildren
 * @restrict AE
 * @element ANY
 *
 * @description
 *
 * ngAnimateChildren allows you to specify that children of this element should animate even if any
 * of the children's parents are currently animating. By default, when an element has an active `enter`, `leave`, or `move`
 * (structural) animation, child elements that also have an active structural animation are not animated.
 *
 * Note that even if `ngAnimateChildren` is set, no child animations will run when the parent element is removed from the DOM (`leave` animation).
 *
 *
 * @param {string} ngAnimateChildren If the value is empty, `true` or `on`,
 *     then child animations are allowed. If the value is `false`, child animations are not allowed.
 *
 * @example
 * <example module="ngAnimateChildren" name="ngAnimateChildren" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
     <file name="index.html">
       <div ng-controller="MainController as main">
         <label>Show container? <input type="checkbox" ng-model="main.enterElement" /></label>
         <label>Animate children? <input type="checkbox" ng-model="main.animateChildren" /></label>
         <hr>
         <div ng-animate-children="{{main.animateChildren}}">
           <div ng-if="main.enterElement" class="container">
             List of items:
             <div ng-repeat="item in [0, 1, 2, 3]" class="item">Item {{item}}</div>
           </div>
         </div>
       </div>
     </file>
     <file name="animations.css">

      .container.ng-enter,
      .container.ng-leave {
        transition: all ease 1.5s;
      }

      .container.ng-enter,
      .container.ng-leave-active {
        opacity: 0;
      }

      .container.ng-leave,
      .container.ng-enter-active {
        opacity: 1;
      }

      .item {
        background: firebrick;
        color: #FFF;
        margin-bottom: 10px;
      }

      .item.ng-enter,
      .item.ng-leave {
        transition: transform 1.5s ease;
      }

      .item.ng-enter {
        transform: translateX(50px);
      }

      .item.ng-enter-active {
        transform: translateX(0);
      }
    </file>
    <file name="script.js">
      angular.module('ngAnimateChildren', ['ngAnimate'])
        .controller('MainController', function MainController() {
          this.animateChildren = false;
          this.enterElement = false;
        });
    </file>
  </example>
 */
var $$AnimateChildrenDirective = ['$interpolate', function($interpolate) {
  return {
    link: function(scope, element, attrs) {
      var val = attrs.ngAnimateChildren;
      if (isString(val) && val.length === 0) { //empty attribute
        element.data(NG_ANIMATE_CHILDREN_DATA, true);
      } else {
        // Interpolate and set the value, so that it is available to
        // animations that run right after compilation
        setData($interpolate(val)(scope));
        attrs.$observe('ngAnimateChildren', setData);
      }

      function setData(value) {
        value = value === 'on' || value === 'true';
        element.data(NG_ANIMATE_CHILDREN_DATA, value);
      }
    }
  };
}];

/* exported $AnimateCssProvider */

var ANIMATE_TIMER_KEY = '$$animateCss';

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $animateCss
 * @kind object
 *
 * @description
 * The `$animateCss` service is a useful utility to trigger customized CSS-based transitions/keyframes
 * from a JavaScript-based animation or directly from a directive. The purpose of `$animateCss` is NOT
 * to side-step how `$animate` and ngAnimate work, but the goal is to allow pre-existing animations or
 * directives to create more complex animations that can be purely driven using CSS code.
 *
 * Note that only browsers that support CSS transitions and/or keyframe animations are capable of
 * rendering animations triggered via `$animateCss` (bad news for IE9 and lower).
 *
 * ## General Use
 * Once again, `$animateCss` is designed to be used inside of a registered JavaScript animation that
 * is powered by ngAnimate. It is possible to use `$animateCss` directly inside of a directive, however,
 * any automatic control over cancelling animations and/or preventing animations from being run on
 * child elements will not be handled by AngularJS. For this to work as expected, please use `$animate` to
 * trigger the animation and then setup a JavaScript animation that injects `$animateCss` to trigger
 * the CSS animation.
 *
 * The example below shows how we can create a folding animation on an element using `ng-if`:
 *
 * ```html
 * <!-- notice the `fold-animation` CSS class -->
 * <div ng-if="onOff" class="fold-animation">
 *   This element will go BOOM
 * </div>
 * <button ng-click="onOff=true">Fold In</button>
 * ```
 *
 * Now we create the **JavaScript animation** that will trigger the CSS transition:
 *
 * ```js
 * ngModule.animation('.fold-animation', ['$animateCss', function($animateCss) {
 *   return {
 *     enter: function(element, doneFn) {
 *       var height = element[0].offsetHeight;
 *       return $animateCss(element, {
 *         from: { height:'0px' },
 *         to: { height:height + 'px' },
 *         duration: 1 // one second
 *       });
 *     }
 *   }
 * }]);
 * ```
 *
 * ## More Advanced Uses
 *
 * `$animateCss` is the underlying code that ngAnimate uses to power **CSS-based animations** behind the scenes. Therefore CSS hooks
 * like `.ng-EVENT`, `.ng-EVENT-active`, `.ng-EVENT-stagger` are all features that can be triggered using `$animateCss` via JavaScript code.
 *
 * This also means that just about any combination of adding classes, removing classes, setting styles, dynamically setting a keyframe animation,
 * applying a hardcoded duration or delay value, changing the animation easing or applying a stagger animation are all options that work with
 * `$animateCss`. The service itself is smart enough to figure out the combination of options and examine the element styling properties in order
 * to provide a working animation that will run in CSS.
 *
 * The example below showcases a more advanced version of the `.fold-animation` from the example above:
 *
 * ```js
 * ngModule.animation('.fold-animation', ['$animateCss', function($animateCss) {
 *   return {
 *     enter: function(element, doneFn) {
 *       var height = element[0].offsetHeight;
 *       return $animateCss(element, {
 *         addClass: 'red large-text pulse-twice',
 *         easing: 'ease-out',
 *         from: { height:'0px' },
 *         to: { height:height + 'px' },
 *         duration: 1 // one second
 *       });
 *     }
 *   }
 * }]);
 * ```
 *
 * Since we're adding/removing CSS classes then the CSS transition will also pick those up:
 *
 * ```css
 * /&#42; since a hardcoded duration value of 1 was provided in the JavaScript animation code,
 * the CSS classes below will be transitioned despite them being defined as regular CSS classes &#42;/
 * .red { background:red; }
 * .large-text { font-size:20px; }
 *
 * /&#42; we can also use a keyframe animation and $animateCss will make it work alongside the transition &#42;/
 * .pulse-twice {
 *   animation: 0.5s pulse linear 2;
 *   -webkit-animation: 0.5s pulse linear 2;
 * }
 *
 * @keyframes pulse {
 *   from { transform: scale(0.5); }
 *   to { transform: scale(1.5); }
 * }
 *
 * @-webkit-keyframes pulse {
 *   from { -webkit-transform: scale(0.5); }
 *   to { -webkit-transform: scale(1.5); }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Given this complex combination of CSS classes, styles and options, `$animateCss` will figure everything out and make the animation happen.
 *
 * ## How the Options are handled
 *
 * `$animateCss` is very versatile and intelligent when it comes to figuring out what configurations to apply to the element to ensure the animation
 * works with the options provided. Say for example we were adding a class that contained a keyframe value and we wanted to also animate some inline
 * styles using the `from` and `to` properties.
 *
 * ```js
 * var animator = $animateCss(element, {
 *   from: { background:'red' },
 *   to: { background:'blue' }
 * });
 * animator.start();
 * ```
 *
 * ```css
 * .rotating-animation {
 *   animation:0.5s rotate linear;
 *   -webkit-animation:0.5s rotate linear;
 * }
 *
 * @keyframes rotate {
 *   from { transform: rotate(0deg); }
 *   to { transform: rotate(360deg); }
 * }
 *
 * @-webkit-keyframes rotate {
 *   from { -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); }
 *   to { -webkit-transform: rotate(360deg); }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * The missing pieces here are that we do not have a transition set (within the CSS code nor within the `$animateCss` options) and the duration of the animation is
 * going to be detected from what the keyframe styles on the CSS class are. In this event, `$animateCss` will automatically create an inline transition
 * style matching the duration detected from the keyframe style (which is present in the CSS class that is being added) and then prepare both the transition
 * and keyframe animations to run in parallel on the element. Then when the animation is underway the provided `from` and `to` CSS styles will be applied
 * and spread across the transition and keyframe animation.
 *
 * ## What is returned
 *
 * `$animateCss` works in two stages: a preparation phase and an animation phase. Therefore when `$animateCss` is first called it will NOT actually
 * start the animation. All that is going on here is that the element is being prepared for the animation (which means that the generated CSS classes are
 * added and removed on the element). Once `$animateCss` is called it will return an object with the following properties:
 *
 * ```js
 * var animator = $animateCss(element, { ... });
 * ```
 *
 * Now what do the contents of our `animator` variable look like:
 *
 * ```js
 * {
 *   // starts the animation
 *   start: Function,
 *
 *   // ends (aborts) the animation
 *   end: Function
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * To actually start the animation we need to run `animation.start()` which will then return a promise that we can hook into to detect when the animation ends.
 * If we choose not to run the animation then we MUST run `animation.end()` to perform a cleanup on the element (since some CSS classes and styles may have been
 * applied to the element during the preparation phase). Note that all other properties such as duration, delay, transitions and keyframes are just properties
 * and that changing them will not reconfigure the parameters of the animation.
 *
 * ### runner.done() vs runner.then()
 * It is documented that `animation.start()` will return a promise object and this is true, however, there is also an additional method available on the
 * runner called `.done(callbackFn)`. The done method works the same as `.finally(callbackFn)`, however, it does **not trigger a digest to occur**.
 * Therefore, for performance reasons, it's always best to use `runner.done(callback)` instead of `runner.then()`, `runner.catch()` or `runner.finally()`
 * unless you really need a digest to kick off afterwards.
 *
 * Keep in mind that, to make this easier, ngAnimate has tweaked the JS animations API to recognize when a runner instance is returned from $animateCss
 * (so there is no need to call `runner.done(doneFn)` inside of your JavaScript animation code).
 * Check the {@link ngAnimate.$animateCss#usage animation code above} to see how this works.
 *
 * @param {DOMElement} element the element that will be animated
 * @param {object} options the animation-related options that will be applied during the animation
 *
 * * `event` - The DOM event (e.g. enter, leave, move). When used, a generated CSS class of `ng-EVENT` and `ng-EVENT-active` will be applied
 * to the element during the animation. Multiple events can be provided when spaces are used as a separator. (Note that this will not perform any DOM operation.)
 * * `structural` - Indicates that the `ng-` prefix will be added to the event class. Setting to `false` or omitting will turn `ng-EVENT` and
 * `ng-EVENT-active` in `EVENT` and `EVENT-active`. Unused if `event` is omitted.
 * * `easing` - The CSS easing value that will be applied to the transition or keyframe animation (or both).
 * * `transitionStyle` - The raw CSS transition style that will be used (e.g. `1s linear all`).
 * * `keyframeStyle` - The raw CSS keyframe animation style that will be used (e.g. `1s my_animation linear`).
 * * `from` - The starting CSS styles (a key/value object) that will be applied at the start of the animation.
 * * `to` - The ending CSS styles (a key/value object) that will be applied across the animation via a CSS transition.
 * * `addClass` - A space separated list of CSS classes that will be added to the element and spread across the animation.
 * * `removeClass` - A space separated list of CSS classes that will be removed from the element and spread across the animation.
 * * `duration` - A number value representing the total duration of the transition and/or keyframe (note that a value of 1 is 1000ms). If a value of `0`
 * is provided then the animation will be skipped entirely.
 * * `delay` - A number value representing the total delay of the transition and/or keyframe (note that a value of 1 is 1000ms). If a value of `true` is
 * used then whatever delay value is detected from the CSS classes will be mirrored on the elements styles (e.g. by setting delay true then the style value
 * of the element will be `transition-delay: DETECTED_VALUE`). Using `true` is useful when you want the CSS classes and inline styles to all share the same
 * CSS delay value.
 * * `stagger` - A numeric time value representing the delay between successively animated elements
 * ({@link ngAnimate#css-staggering-animations Click here to learn how CSS-based staggering works in ngAnimate.})
 * * `staggerIndex` - The numeric index representing the stagger item (e.g. a value of 5 is equal to the sixth item in the stagger; therefore when a
 *   `stagger` option value of `0.1` is used then there will be a stagger delay of `600ms`)
 * * `applyClassesEarly` - Whether or not the classes being added or removed will be used when detecting the animation. This is set by `$animate` when enter/leave/move animations are fired to ensure that the CSS classes are resolved in time. (Note that this will prevent any transitions from occurring on the classes being added and removed.)
 * * `cleanupStyles` - Whether or not the provided `from` and `to` styles will be removed once
 *    the animation is closed. This is useful for when the styles are used purely for the sake of
 *    the animation and do not have a lasting visual effect on the element (e.g. a collapse and open animation).
 *    By default this value is set to `false`.
 *
 * @return {object} an object with start and end methods and details about the animation.
 *
 * * `start` - The method to start the animation. This will return a `Promise` when called.
 * * `end` - This method will cancel the animation and remove all applied CSS classes and styles.
 */
var ONE_SECOND = 1000;

var ELAPSED_TIME_MAX_DECIMAL_PLACES = 3;
var CLOSING_TIME_BUFFER = 1.5;

var DETECT_CSS_PROPERTIES = {
  transitionDuration:      TRANSITION_DURATION_PROP,
  transitionDelay:         TRANSITION_DELAY_PROP,
  transitionProperty:      TRANSITION_PROP + PROPERTY_KEY,
  animationDuration:       ANIMATION_DURATION_PROP,
  animationDelay:          ANIMATION_DELAY_PROP,
  animationIterationCount: ANIMATION_PROP + ANIMATION_ITERATION_COUNT_KEY
};

var DETECT_STAGGER_CSS_PROPERTIES = {
  transitionDuration:      TRANSITION_DURATION_PROP,
  transitionDelay:         TRANSITION_DELAY_PROP,
  animationDuration:       ANIMATION_DURATION_PROP,
  animationDelay:          ANIMATION_DELAY_PROP
};

function getCssKeyframeDurationStyle(duration) {
  return [ANIMATION_DURATION_PROP, duration + 's'];
}

function getCssDelayStyle(delay, isKeyframeAnimation) {
  var prop = isKeyframeAnimation ? ANIMATION_DELAY_PROP : TRANSITION_DELAY_PROP;
  return [prop, delay + 's'];
}

function computeCssStyles($window, element, properties) {
  var styles = Object.create(null);
  var detectedStyles = $window.getComputedStyle(element) || {};
  forEach(properties, function(formalStyleName, actualStyleName) {
    var val = detectedStyles[formalStyleName];
    if (val) {
      var c = val.charAt(0);

      // only numerical-based values have a negative sign or digit as the first value
      if (c === '-' || c === '+' || c >= 0) {
        val = parseMaxTime(val);
      }

      // by setting this to null in the event that the delay is not set or is set directly as 0
      // then we can still allow for negative values to be used later on and not mistake this
      // value for being greater than any other negative value.
      if (val === 0) {
        val = null;
      }
      styles[actualStyleName] = val;
    }
  });

  return styles;
}

function parseMaxTime(str) {
  var maxValue = 0;
  var values = str.split(/\s*,\s*/);
  forEach(values, function(value) {
    // it's always safe to consider only second values and omit `ms` values since
    // getComputedStyle will always handle the conversion for us
    if (value.charAt(value.length - 1) === 's') {
      value = value.substring(0, value.length - 1);
    }
    value = parseFloat(value) || 0;
    maxValue = maxValue ? Math.max(value, maxValue) : value;
  });
  return maxValue;
}

function truthyTimingValue(val) {
  return val === 0 || val != null;
}

function getCssTransitionDurationStyle(duration, applyOnlyDuration) {
  var style = TRANSITION_PROP;
  var value = duration + 's';
  if (applyOnlyDuration) {
    style += DURATION_KEY;
  } else {
    value += ' linear all';
  }
  return [style, value];
}

// we do not reassign an already present style value since
// if we detect the style property value again we may be
// detecting styles that were added via the `from` styles.
// We make use of `isDefined` here since an empty string
// or null value (which is what getPropertyValue will return
// for a non-existing style) will still be marked as a valid
// value for the style (a falsy value implies that the style
// is to be removed at the end of the animation). If we had a simple
// "OR" statement then it would not be enough to catch that.
function registerRestorableStyles(backup, node, properties) {
  forEach(properties, function(prop) {
    backup[prop] = isDefined(backup[prop])
        ? backup[prop]
        : node.style.getPropertyValue(prop);
  });
}

var $AnimateCssProvider = ['$animateProvider', /** @this */ function($animateProvider) {

  this.$get = ['$window', '$$jqLite', '$$AnimateRunner', '$timeout', '$$animateCache',
               '$$forceReflow', '$sniffer', '$$rAFScheduler', '$$animateQueue',
       function($window,   $$jqLite,   $$AnimateRunner,   $timeout,   $$animateCache,
                $$forceReflow,   $sniffer,   $$rAFScheduler, $$animateQueue) {

    var applyAnimationClasses = applyAnimationClassesFactory($$jqLite);

    function computeCachedCssStyles(node, className, cacheKey, allowNoDuration, properties) {
      var timings = $$animateCache.get(cacheKey);

      if (!timings) {
        timings = computeCssStyles($window, node, properties);
        if (timings.animationIterationCount === 'infinite') {
          timings.animationIterationCount = 1;
        }
      }

      // if a css animation has no duration we
      // should mark that so that repeated addClass/removeClass calls are skipped
      var hasDuration = allowNoDuration || (timings.transitionDuration > 0 || timings.animationDuration > 0);

      // we keep putting this in multiple times even though the value and the cacheKey are the same
      // because we're keeping an internal tally of how many duplicate animations are detected.
      $$animateCache.put(cacheKey, timings, hasDuration);

      return timings;
    }

    function computeCachedCssStaggerStyles(node, className, cacheKey, properties) {
      var stagger;
      var staggerCacheKey = 'stagger-' + cacheKey;

      // if we have one or more existing matches of matching elements
      // containing the same parent + CSS styles (which is how cacheKey works)
      // then staggering is possible
      if ($$animateCache.count(cacheKey) > 0) {
        stagger = $$animateCache.get(staggerCacheKey);

        if (!stagger) {
          var staggerClassName = pendClasses(className, '-stagger');

          $$jqLite.addClass(node, staggerClassName);

          stagger = computeCssStyles($window, node, properties);

          // force the conversion of a null value to zero incase not set
          stagger.animationDuration = Math.max(stagger.animationDuration, 0);
          stagger.transitionDuration = Math.max(stagger.transitionDuration, 0);

          $$jqLite.removeClass(node, staggerClassName);

          $$animateCache.put(staggerCacheKey, stagger, true);
        }
      }

      return stagger || {};
    }

    var rafWaitQueue = [];
    function waitUntilQuiet(callback) {
      rafWaitQueue.push(callback);
      $$rAFScheduler.waitUntilQuiet(function() {
        $$animateCache.flush();

        // DO NOT REMOVE THIS LINE OR REFACTOR OUT THE `pageWidth` variable.
        // PLEASE EXAMINE THE `$$forceReflow` service to understand why.
        var pageWidth = $$forceReflow();

        // we use a for loop to ensure that if the queue is changed
        // during this looping then it will consider new requests
        for (var i = 0; i < rafWaitQueue.length; i++) {
          rafWaitQueue[i](pageWidth);
        }
        rafWaitQueue.length = 0;
      });
    }

    function computeTimings(node, className, cacheKey, allowNoDuration) {
      var timings = computeCachedCssStyles(node, className, cacheKey, allowNoDuration, DETECT_CSS_PROPERTIES);
      var aD = timings.animationDelay;
      var tD = timings.transitionDelay;
      timings.maxDelay = aD && tD
          ? Math.max(aD, tD)
          : (aD || tD);
      timings.maxDuration = Math.max(
          timings.animationDuration * timings.animationIterationCount,
          timings.transitionDuration);

      return timings;
    }

    return function init(element, initialOptions) {
      // all of the animation functions should create
      // a copy of the options data, however, if a
      // parent service has already created a copy then
      // we should stick to using that
      var options = initialOptions || {};
      if (!options.$$prepared) {
        options = prepareAnimationOptions(copy(options));
      }

      var restoreStyles = {};
      var node = getDomNode(element);
      if (!node
          || !node.parentNode
          || !$$animateQueue.enabled()) {
        return closeAndReturnNoopAnimator();
      }

      var temporaryStyles = [];
      var classes = element.attr('class');
      var styles = packageStyles(options);
      var animationClosed;
      var animationPaused;
      var animationCompleted;
      var runner;
      var runnerHost;
      var maxDelay;
      var maxDelayTime;
      var maxDuration;
      var maxDurationTime;
      var startTime;
      var events = [];

      if (options.duration === 0 || (!$sniffer.animations && !$sniffer.transitions)) {
        return closeAndReturnNoopAnimator();
      }

      var method = options.event && isArray(options.event)
            ? options.event.join(' ')
            : options.event;

      var isStructural = method && options.structural;
      var structuralClassName = '';
      var addRemoveClassName = '';

      if (isStructural) {
        structuralClassName = pendClasses(method, EVENT_CLASS_PREFIX, true);
      } else if (method) {
        structuralClassName = method;
      }

      if (options.addClass) {
        addRemoveClassName += pendClasses(options.addClass, ADD_CLASS_SUFFIX);
      }

      if (options.removeClass) {
        if (addRemoveClassName.length) {
          addRemoveClassName += ' ';
        }
        addRemoveClassName += pendClasses(options.removeClass, REMOVE_CLASS_SUFFIX);
      }

      // there may be a situation where a structural animation is combined together
      // with CSS classes that need to resolve before the animation is computed.
      // However this means that there is no explicit CSS code to block the animation
      // from happening (by setting 0s none in the class name). If this is the case
      // we need to apply the classes before the first rAF so we know to continue if
      // there actually is a detected transition or keyframe animation
      if (options.applyClassesEarly && addRemoveClassName.length) {
        applyAnimationClasses(element, options);
      }

      var preparationClasses = [structuralClassName, addRemoveClassName].join(' ').trim();
      var fullClassName = classes + ' ' + preparationClasses;
      var hasToStyles = styles.to && Object.keys(styles.to).length > 0;
      var containsKeyframeAnimation = (options.keyframeStyle || '').length > 0;

      // there is no way we can trigger an animation if no styles and
      // no classes are being applied which would then trigger a transition,
      // unless there a is raw keyframe value that is applied to the element.
      if (!containsKeyframeAnimation
           && !hasToStyles
           && !preparationClasses) {
        return closeAndReturnNoopAnimator();
      }

      var stagger, cacheKey = $$animateCache.cacheKey(node, method, options.addClass, options.removeClass);
      if ($$animateCache.containsCachedAnimationWithoutDuration(cacheKey)) {
        preparationClasses = null;
        return closeAndReturnNoopAnimator();
      }

      if (options.stagger > 0) {
        var staggerVal = parseFloat(options.stagger);
        stagger = {
          transitionDelay: staggerVal,
          animationDelay: staggerVal,
          transitionDuration: 0,
          animationDuration: 0
        };
      } else {
        stagger = computeCachedCssStaggerStyles(node, preparationClasses, cacheKey, DETECT_STAGGER_CSS_PROPERTIES);
      }

      if (!options.$$skipPreparationClasses) {
        $$jqLite.addClass(element, preparationClasses);
      }

      var applyOnlyDuration;

      if (options.transitionStyle) {
        var transitionStyle = [TRANSITION_PROP, options.transitionStyle];
        applyInlineStyle(node, transitionStyle);
        temporaryStyles.push(transitionStyle);
      }

      if (options.duration >= 0) {
        applyOnlyDuration = node.style[TRANSITION_PROP].length > 0;
        var durationStyle = getCssTransitionDurationStyle(options.duration, applyOnlyDuration);

        // we set the duration so that it will be picked up by getComputedStyle later
        applyInlineStyle(node, durationStyle);
        temporaryStyles.push(durationStyle);
      }

      if (options.keyframeStyle) {
        var keyframeStyle = [ANIMATION_PROP, options.keyframeStyle];
        applyInlineStyle(node, keyframeStyle);
        temporaryStyles.push(keyframeStyle);
      }

      var itemIndex = stagger
          ? options.staggerIndex >= 0
              ? options.staggerIndex
              : $$animateCache.count(cacheKey)
          : 0;

      var isFirst = itemIndex === 0;

      // this is a pre-emptive way of forcing the setup classes to be added and applied INSTANTLY
      // without causing any combination of transitions to kick in. By adding a negative delay value
      // it forces the setup class' transition to end immediately. We later then remove the negative
      // transition delay to allow for the transition to naturally do it's thing. The beauty here is
      // that if there is no transition defined then nothing will happen and this will also allow
      // other transitions to be stacked on top of each other without any chopping them out.
      if (isFirst && !options.skipBlocking) {
        helpers.blockTransitions(node, SAFE_FAST_FORWARD_DURATION_VALUE);
      }

      var timings = computeTimings(node, fullClassName, cacheKey, !isStructural);
      var relativeDelay = timings.maxDelay;
      maxDelay = Math.max(relativeDelay, 0);
      maxDuration = timings.maxDuration;

      var flags = {};
      flags.hasTransitions          = timings.transitionDuration > 0;
      flags.hasAnimations           = timings.animationDuration > 0;
      flags.hasTransitionAll        = flags.hasTransitions && timings.transitionProperty === 'all';
      flags.applyTransitionDuration = hasToStyles && (
                                        (flags.hasTransitions && !flags.hasTransitionAll)
                                         || (flags.hasAnimations && !flags.hasTransitions));
      flags.applyAnimationDuration  = options.duration && flags.hasAnimations;
      flags.applyTransitionDelay    = truthyTimingValue(options.delay) && (flags.applyTransitionDuration || flags.hasTransitions);
      flags.applyAnimationDelay     = truthyTimingValue(options.delay) && flags.hasAnimations;
      flags.recalculateTimingStyles = addRemoveClassName.length > 0;

      if (flags.applyTransitionDuration || flags.applyAnimationDuration) {
        maxDuration = options.duration ? parseFloat(options.duration) : maxDuration;

        if (flags.applyTransitionDuration) {
          flags.hasTransitions = true;
          timings.transitionDuration = maxDuration;
          applyOnlyDuration = node.style[TRANSITION_PROP + PROPERTY_KEY].length > 0;
          temporaryStyles.push(getCssTransitionDurationStyle(maxDuration, applyOnlyDuration));
        }

        if (flags.applyAnimationDuration) {
          flags.hasAnimations = true;
          timings.animationDuration = maxDuration;
          temporaryStyles.push(getCssKeyframeDurationStyle(maxDuration));
        }
      }

      if (maxDuration === 0 && !flags.recalculateTimingStyles) {
        return closeAndReturnNoopAnimator();
      }

      var activeClasses = pendClasses(preparationClasses, ACTIVE_CLASS_SUFFIX);

      if (options.delay != null) {
        var delayStyle;
        if (typeof options.delay !== 'boolean') {
          delayStyle = parseFloat(options.delay);
          // number in options.delay means we have to recalculate the delay for the closing timeout
          maxDelay = Math.max(delayStyle, 0);
        }

        if (flags.applyTransitionDelay) {
          temporaryStyles.push(getCssDelayStyle(delayStyle));
        }

        if (flags.applyAnimationDelay) {
          temporaryStyles.push(getCssDelayStyle(delayStyle, true));
        }
      }

      // we need to recalculate the delay value since we used a pre-emptive negative
      // delay value and the delay value is required for the final event checking. This
      // property will ensure that this will happen after the RAF phase has passed.
      if (options.duration == null && timings.transitionDuration > 0) {
        flags.recalculateTimingStyles = flags.recalculateTimingStyles || isFirst;
      }

      maxDelayTime = maxDelay * ONE_SECOND;
      maxDurationTime = maxDuration * ONE_SECOND;
      if (!options.skipBlocking) {
        flags.blockTransition = timings.transitionDuration > 0;
        flags.blockKeyframeAnimation = timings.animationDuration > 0 &&
                                       stagger.animationDelay > 0 &&
                                       stagger.animationDuration === 0;
      }

      if (options.from) {
        if (options.cleanupStyles) {
          registerRestorableStyles(restoreStyles, node, Object.keys(options.from));
        }
        applyAnimationFromStyles(element, options);
      }

      if (flags.blockTransition || flags.blockKeyframeAnimation) {
        applyBlocking(maxDuration);
      } else if (!options.skipBlocking) {
        helpers.blockTransitions(node, false);
      }

      // TODO(matsko): for 1.5 change this code to have an animator object for better debugging
      return {
        $$willAnimate: true,
        end: endFn,
        start: function() {
          if (animationClosed) return;

          runnerHost = {
            end: endFn,
            cancel: cancelFn,
            resume: null, //this will be set during the start() phase
            pause: null
          };

          runner = new $$AnimateRunner(runnerHost);

          waitUntilQuiet(start);

          // we don't have access to pause/resume the animation
          // since it hasn't run yet. AnimateRunner will therefore
          // set noop functions for resume and pause and they will
          // later be overridden once the animation is triggered
          return runner;
        }
      };

      function endFn() {
        close();
      }

      function cancelFn() {
        close(true);
      }

      function close(rejected) {
        // if the promise has been called already then we shouldn't close
        // the animation again
        if (animationClosed || (animationCompleted && animationPaused)) return;
        animationClosed = true;
        animationPaused = false;

        if (preparationClasses && !options.$$skipPreparationClasses) {
          $$jqLite.removeClass(element, preparationClasses);
        }

        if (activeClasses) {
          $$jqLite.removeClass(element, activeClasses);
        }

        blockKeyframeAnimations(node, false);
        helpers.blockTransitions(node, false);

        forEach(temporaryStyles, function(entry) {
          // There is only one way to remove inline style properties entirely from elements.
          // By using `removeProperty` this works, but we need to convert camel-cased CSS
          // styles down to hyphenated values.
          node.style[entry[0]] = '';
        });

        applyAnimationClasses(element, options);
        applyAnimationStyles(element, options);

        if (Object.keys(restoreStyles).length) {
          forEach(restoreStyles, function(value, prop) {
            if (value) {
              node.style.setProperty(prop, value);
            } else {
              node.style.removeProperty(prop);
            }
          });
        }

        // the reason why we have this option is to allow a synchronous closing callback
        // that is fired as SOON as the animation ends (when the CSS is removed) or if
        // the animation never takes off at all. A good example is a leave animation since
        // the element must be removed just after the animation is over or else the element
        // will appear on screen for one animation frame causing an overbearing flicker.
        if (options.onDone) {
          options.onDone();
        }

        if (events && events.length) {
          // Remove the transitionend / animationend listener(s)
          element.off(events.join(' '), onAnimationProgress);
        }

        //Cancel the fallback closing timeout and remove the timer data
        var animationTimerData = element.data(ANIMATE_TIMER_KEY);
        if (animationTimerData) {
          $timeout.cancel(animationTimerData[0].timer);
          element.removeData(ANIMATE_TIMER_KEY);
        }

        // if the preparation function fails then the promise is not setup
        if (runner) {
          runner.complete(!rejected);
        }
      }

      function applyBlocking(duration) {
        if (flags.blockTransition) {
          helpers.blockTransitions(node, duration);
        }

        if (flags.blockKeyframeAnimation) {
          blockKeyframeAnimations(node, !!duration);
        }
      }

      function closeAndReturnNoopAnimator() {
        runner = new $$AnimateRunner({
          end: endFn,
          cancel: cancelFn
        });

        // should flush the cache animation
        waitUntilQuiet(noop);
        close();

        return {
          $$willAnimate: false,
          start: function() {
            return runner;
          },
          end: endFn
        };
      }

      function onAnimationProgress(event) {
        event.stopPropagation();
        var ev = event.originalEvent || event;

        if (ev.target !== node) {
          // Since TransitionEvent / AnimationEvent bubble up,
          // we have to ignore events by finished child animations
          return;
        }

        // we now always use `Date.now()` due to the recent changes with
        // event.timeStamp in Firefox, Webkit and Chrome (see #13494 for more info)
        var timeStamp = ev.$manualTimeStamp || Date.now();

        /* Firefox (or possibly just Gecko) likes to not round values up
         * when a ms measurement is used for the animation */
        var elapsedTime = parseFloat(ev.elapsedTime.toFixed(ELAPSED_TIME_MAX_DECIMAL_PLACES));

        /* $manualTimeStamp is a mocked timeStamp value which is set
         * within browserTrigger(). This is only here so that tests can
         * mock animations properly. Real events fallback to event.timeStamp,
         * or, if they don't, then a timeStamp is automatically created for them.
         * We're checking to see if the timeStamp surpasses the expected delay,
         * but we're using elapsedTime instead of the timeStamp on the 2nd
         * pre-condition since animationPauseds sometimes close off early */
        if (Math.max(timeStamp - startTime, 0) >= maxDelayTime && elapsedTime >= maxDuration) {
          // we set this flag to ensure that if the transition is paused then, when resumed,
          // the animation will automatically close itself since transitions cannot be paused.
          animationCompleted = true;
          close();
        }
      }

      function start() {
        if (animationClosed) return;
        if (!node.parentNode) {
          close();
          return;
        }

        // even though we only pause keyframe animations here the pause flag
        // will still happen when transitions are used. Only the transition will
        // not be paused since that is not possible. If the animation ends when
        // paused then it will not complete until unpaused or cancelled.
        var playPause = function(playAnimation) {
          if (!animationCompleted) {
            animationPaused = !playAnimation;
            if (timings.animationDuration) {
              var value = blockKeyframeAnimations(node, animationPaused);
              if (animationPaused) {
                temporaryStyles.push(value);
              } else {
                removeFromArray(temporaryStyles, value);
              }
            }
          } else if (animationPaused && playAnimation) {
            animationPaused = false;
            close();
          }
        };

        // checking the stagger duration prevents an accidentally cascade of the CSS delay style
        // being inherited from the parent. If the transition duration is zero then we can safely
        // rely that the delay value is an intentional stagger delay style.
        var maxStagger = itemIndex > 0
                         && ((timings.transitionDuration && stagger.transitionDuration === 0) ||
                            (timings.animationDuration && stagger.animationDuration === 0))
                         && Math.max(stagger.animationDelay, stagger.transitionDelay);
        if (maxStagger) {
          $timeout(triggerAnimationStart,
                   Math.floor(maxStagger * itemIndex * ONE_SECOND),
                   false);
        } else {
          triggerAnimationStart();
        }

        // this will decorate the existing promise runner with pause/resume methods
        runnerHost.resume = function() {
          playPause(true);
        };

        runnerHost.pause = function() {
          playPause(false);
        };

        function triggerAnimationStart() {
          // just incase a stagger animation kicks in when the animation
          // itself was cancelled entirely
          if (animationClosed) return;

          applyBlocking(false);

          forEach(temporaryStyles, function(entry) {
            var key = entry[0];
            var value = entry[1];
            node.style[key] = value;
          });

          applyAnimationClasses(element, options);
          $$jqLite.addClass(element, activeClasses);

          if (flags.recalculateTimingStyles) {
            fullClassName = node.getAttribute('class') + ' ' + preparationClasses;
            cacheKey = $$animateCache.cacheKey(node, method, options.addClass, options.removeClass);

            timings = computeTimings(node, fullClassName, cacheKey, false);
            relativeDelay = timings.maxDelay;
            maxDelay = Math.max(relativeDelay, 0);
            maxDuration = timings.maxDuration;

            if (maxDuration === 0) {
              close();
              return;
            }

            flags.hasTransitions = timings.transitionDuration > 0;
            flags.hasAnimations = timings.animationDuration > 0;
          }

          if (flags.applyAnimationDelay) {
            relativeDelay = typeof options.delay !== 'boolean' && truthyTimingValue(options.delay)
                  ? parseFloat(options.delay)
                  : relativeDelay;

            maxDelay = Math.max(relativeDelay, 0);
            timings.animationDelay = relativeDelay;
            delayStyle = getCssDelayStyle(relativeDelay, true);
            temporaryStyles.push(delayStyle);
            node.style[delayStyle[0]] = delayStyle[1];
          }

          maxDelayTime = maxDelay * ONE_SECOND;
          maxDurationTime = maxDuration * ONE_SECOND;

          if (options.easing) {
            var easeProp, easeVal = options.easing;
            if (flags.hasTransitions) {
              easeProp = TRANSITION_PROP + TIMING_KEY;
              temporaryStyles.push([easeProp, easeVal]);
              node.style[easeProp] = easeVal;
            }
            if (flags.hasAnimations) {
              easeProp = ANIMATION_PROP + TIMING_KEY;
              temporaryStyles.push([easeProp, easeVal]);
              node.style[easeProp] = easeVal;
            }
          }

          if (timings.transitionDuration) {
            events.push(TRANSITIONEND_EVENT);
          }

          if (timings.animationDuration) {
            events.push(ANIMATIONEND_EVENT);
          }

          startTime = Date.now();
          var timerTime = maxDelayTime + CLOSING_TIME_BUFFER * maxDurationTime;
          var endTime = startTime + timerTime;

          var animationsData = element.data(ANIMATE_TIMER_KEY) || [];
          var setupFallbackTimer = true;
          if (animationsData.length) {
            var currentTimerData = animationsData[0];
            setupFallbackTimer = endTime > currentTimerData.expectedEndTime;
            if (setupFallbackTimer) {
              $timeout.cancel(currentTimerData.timer);
            } else {
              animationsData.push(close);
            }
          }

          if (setupFallbackTimer) {
            var timer = $timeout(onAnimationExpired, timerTime, false);
            animationsData[0] = {
              timer: timer,
              expectedEndTime: endTime
            };
            animationsData.push(close);
            element.data(ANIMATE_TIMER_KEY, animationsData);
          }

          if (events.length) {
            element.on(events.join(' '), onAnimationProgress);
          }

          if (options.to) {
            if (options.cleanupStyles) {
              registerRestorableStyles(restoreStyles, node, Object.keys(options.to));
            }
            applyAnimationToStyles(element, options);
          }
        }

        function onAnimationExpired() {
          var animationsData = element.data(ANIMATE_TIMER_KEY);

          // this will be false in the event that the element was
          // removed from the DOM (via a leave animation or something
          // similar)
          if (animationsData) {
            for (var i = 1; i < animationsData.length; i++) {
              animationsData[i]();
            }
            element.removeData(ANIMATE_TIMER_KEY);
          }
        }
      }
    };
  }];
}];

var $$AnimateCssDriverProvider = ['$$animationProvider', /** @this */ function($$animationProvider) {
  $$animationProvider.drivers.push('$$animateCssDriver');

  var NG_ANIMATE_SHIM_CLASS_NAME = 'ng-animate-shim';
  var NG_ANIMATE_ANCHOR_CLASS_NAME = 'ng-anchor';

  var NG_OUT_ANCHOR_CLASS_NAME = 'ng-anchor-out';
  var NG_IN_ANCHOR_CLASS_NAME = 'ng-anchor-in';

  function isDocumentFragment(node) {
    return node.parentNode && node.parentNode.nodeType === 11;
  }

  this.$get = ['$animateCss', '$rootScope', '$$AnimateRunner', '$rootElement', '$sniffer', '$$jqLite', '$document',
       function($animateCss,   $rootScope,   $$AnimateRunner,   $rootElement,   $sniffer,   $$jqLite,   $document) {

    // only browsers that support these properties can render animations
    if (!$sniffer.animations && !$sniffer.transitions) return noop;

    var bodyNode = $document[0].body;
    var rootNode = getDomNode($rootElement);

    var rootBodyElement = jqLite(
      // this is to avoid using something that exists outside of the body
      // we also special case the doc fragment case because our unit test code
      // appends the $rootElement to the body after the app has been bootstrapped
      isDocumentFragment(rootNode) || bodyNode.contains(rootNode) ? rootNode : bodyNode
    );

    return function initDriverFn(animationDetails) {
      return animationDetails.from && animationDetails.to
          ? prepareFromToAnchorAnimation(animationDetails.from,
                                         animationDetails.to,
                                         animationDetails.classes,
                                         animationDetails.anchors)
          : prepareRegularAnimation(animationDetails);
    };

    function filterCssClasses(classes) {
      //remove all the `ng-` stuff
      return classes.replace(/\bng-\S+\b/g, '');
    }

    function getUniqueValues(a, b) {
      if (isString(a)) a = a.split(' ');
      if (isString(b)) b = b.split(' ');
      return a.filter(function(val) {
        return b.indexOf(val) === -1;
      }).join(' ');
    }

    function prepareAnchoredAnimation(classes, outAnchor, inAnchor) {
      var clone = jqLite(getDomNode(outAnchor).cloneNode(true));
      var startingClasses = filterCssClasses(getClassVal(clone));

      outAnchor.addClass(NG_ANIMATE_SHIM_CLASS_NAME);
      inAnchor.addClass(NG_ANIMATE_SHIM_CLASS_NAME);

      clone.addClass(NG_ANIMATE_ANCHOR_CLASS_NAME);

      rootBodyElement.append(clone);

      var animatorIn, animatorOut = prepareOutAnimation();

      // the user may not end up using the `out` animation and
      // only making use of the `in` animation or vice-versa.
      // In either case we should allow this and not assume the
      // animation is over unless both animations are not used.
      if (!animatorOut) {
        animatorIn = prepareInAnimation();
        if (!animatorIn) {
          return end();
        }
      }

      var startingAnimator = animatorOut || animatorIn;

      return {
        start: function() {
          var runner;

          var currentAnimation = startingAnimator.start();
          currentAnimation.done(function() {
            currentAnimation = null;
            if (!animatorIn) {
              animatorIn = prepareInAnimation();
              if (animatorIn) {
                currentAnimation = animatorIn.start();
                currentAnimation.done(function() {
                  currentAnimation = null;
                  end();
                  runner.complete();
                });
                return currentAnimation;
              }
            }
            // in the event that there is no `in` animation
            end();
            runner.complete();
          });

          runner = new $$AnimateRunner({
            end: endFn,
            cancel: endFn
          });

          return runner;

          function endFn() {
            if (currentAnimation) {
              currentAnimation.end();
            }
          }
        }
      };

      function calculateAnchorStyles(anchor) {
        var styles = {};

        var coords = getDomNode(anchor).getBoundingClientRect();

        // we iterate directly since safari messes up and doesn't return
        // all the keys for the coords object when iterated
        forEach(['width','height','top','left'], function(key) {
          var value = coords[key];
          switch (key) {
            case 'top':
              value += bodyNode.scrollTop;
              break;
            case 'left':
              value += bodyNode.scrollLeft;
              break;
          }
          styles[key] = Math.floor(value) + 'px';
        });
        return styles;
      }

      function prepareOutAnimation() {
        var animator = $animateCss(clone, {
          addClass: NG_OUT_ANCHOR_CLASS_NAME,
          delay: true,
          from: calculateAnchorStyles(outAnchor)
        });

        // read the comment within `prepareRegularAnimation` to understand
        // why this check is necessary
        return animator.$$willAnimate ? animator : null;
      }

      function getClassVal(element) {
        return element.attr('class') || '';
      }

      function prepareInAnimation() {
        var endingClasses = filterCssClasses(getClassVal(inAnchor));
        var toAdd = getUniqueValues(endingClasses, startingClasses);
        var toRemove = getUniqueValues(startingClasses, endingClasses);

        var animator = $animateCss(clone, {
          to: calculateAnchorStyles(inAnchor),
          addClass: NG_IN_ANCHOR_CLASS_NAME + ' ' + toAdd,
          removeClass: NG_OUT_ANCHOR_CLASS_NAME + ' ' + toRemove,
          delay: true
        });

        // read the comment within `prepareRegularAnimation` to understand
        // why this check is necessary
        return animator.$$willAnimate ? animator : null;
      }

      function end() {
        clone.remove();
        outAnchor.removeClass(NG_ANIMATE_SHIM_CLASS_NAME);
        inAnchor.removeClass(NG_ANIMATE_SHIM_CLASS_NAME);
      }
    }

    function prepareFromToAnchorAnimation(from, to, classes, anchors) {
      var fromAnimation = prepareRegularAnimation(from, noop);
      var toAnimation = prepareRegularAnimation(to, noop);

      var anchorAnimations = [];
      forEach(anchors, function(anchor) {
        var outElement = anchor['out'];
        var inElement = anchor['in'];
        var animator = prepareAnchoredAnimation(classes, outElement, inElement);
        if (animator) {
          anchorAnimations.push(animator);
        }
      });

      // no point in doing anything when there are no elements to animate
      if (!fromAnimation && !toAnimation && anchorAnimations.length === 0) return;

      return {
        start: function() {
          var animationRunners = [];

          if (fromAnimation) {
            animationRunners.push(fromAnimation.start());
          }

          if (toAnimation) {
            animationRunners.push(toAnimation.start());
          }

          forEach(anchorAnimations, function(animation) {
            animationRunners.push(animation.start());
          });

          var runner = new $$AnimateRunner({
            end: endFn,
            cancel: endFn // CSS-driven animations cannot be cancelled, only ended
          });

          $$AnimateRunner.all(animationRunners, function(status) {
            runner.complete(status);
          });

          return runner;

          function endFn() {
            forEach(animationRunners, function(runner) {
              runner.end();
            });
          }
        }
      };
    }

    function prepareRegularAnimation(animationDetails) {
      var element = animationDetails.element;
      var options = animationDetails.options || {};

      if (animationDetails.structural) {
        options.event = animationDetails.event;
        options.structural = true;
        options.applyClassesEarly = true;

        // we special case the leave animation since we want to ensure that
        // the element is removed as soon as the animation is over. Otherwise
        // a flicker might appear or the element may not be removed at all
        if (animationDetails.event === 'leave') {
          options.onDone = options.domOperation;
        }
      }

      // We assign the preparationClasses as the actual animation event since
      // the internals of $animateCss will just suffix the event token values
      // with `-active` to trigger the animation.
      if (options.preparationClasses) {
        options.event = concatWithSpace(options.event, options.preparationClasses);
      }

      var animator = $animateCss(element, options);

      // the driver lookup code inside of $$animation attempts to spawn a
      // driver one by one until a driver returns a.$$willAnimate animator object.
      // $animateCss will always return an object, however, it will pass in
      // a flag as a hint as to whether an animation was detected or not
      return animator.$$willAnimate ? animator : null;
    }
  }];
}];

// TODO(matsko): use caching here to speed things up for detection
// TODO(matsko): add documentation
//  by the time...

var $$AnimateJsProvider = ['$animateProvider', /** @this */ function($animateProvider) {
  this.$get = ['$injector', '$$AnimateRunner', '$$jqLite',
       function($injector,   $$AnimateRunner,   $$jqLite) {

    var applyAnimationClasses = applyAnimationClassesFactory($$jqLite);
         // $animateJs(element, 'enter');
    return function(element, event, classes, options) {
      var animationClosed = false;

      // the `classes` argument is optional and if it is not used
      // then the classes will be resolved from the element's className
      // property as well as options.addClass/options.removeClass.
      if (arguments.length === 3 && isObject(classes)) {
        options = classes;
        classes = null;
      }

      options = prepareAnimationOptions(options);
      if (!classes) {
        classes = element.attr('class') || '';
        if (options.addClass) {
          classes += ' ' + options.addClass;
        }
        if (options.removeClass) {
          classes += ' ' + options.removeClass;
        }
      }

      var classesToAdd = options.addClass;
      var classesToRemove = options.removeClass;

      // the lookupAnimations function returns a series of animation objects that are
      // matched up with one or more of the CSS classes. These animation objects are
      // defined via the module.animation factory function. If nothing is detected then
      // we don't return anything which then makes $animation query the next driver.
      var animations = lookupAnimations(classes);
      var before, after;
      if (animations.length) {
        var afterFn, beforeFn;
        if (event === 'leave') {
          beforeFn = 'leave';
          afterFn = 'afterLeave'; // TODO(matsko): get rid of this
        } else {
          beforeFn = 'before' + event.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + event.substr(1);
          afterFn = event;
        }

        if (event !== 'enter' && event !== 'move') {
          before = packageAnimations(element, event, options, animations, beforeFn);
        }
        after  = packageAnimations(element, event, options, animations, afterFn);
      }

      // no matching animations
      if (!before && !after) return;

      function applyOptions() {
        options.domOperation();
        applyAnimationClasses(element, options);
      }

      function close() {
        animationClosed = true;
        applyOptions();
        applyAnimationStyles(element, options);
      }

      var runner;

      return {
        $$willAnimate: true,
        end: function() {
          if (runner) {
            runner.end();
          } else {
            close();
            runner = new $$AnimateRunner();
            runner.complete(true);
          }
          return runner;
        },
        start: function() {
          if (runner) {
            return runner;
          }

          runner = new $$AnimateRunner();
          var closeActiveAnimations;
          var chain = [];

          if (before) {
            chain.push(function(fn) {
              closeActiveAnimations = before(fn);
            });
          }

          if (chain.length) {
            chain.push(function(fn) {
              applyOptions();
              fn(true);
            });
          } else {
            applyOptions();
          }

          if (after) {
            chain.push(function(fn) {
              closeActiveAnimations = after(fn);
            });
          }

          runner.setHost({
            end: function() {
              endAnimations();
            },
            cancel: function() {
              endAnimations(true);
            }
          });

          $$AnimateRunner.chain(chain, onComplete);
          return runner;

          function onComplete(success) {
            close(success);
            runner.complete(success);
          }

          function endAnimations(cancelled) {
            if (!animationClosed) {
              (closeActiveAnimations || noop)(cancelled);
              onComplete(cancelled);
            }
          }
        }
      };

      function executeAnimationFn(fn, element, event, options, onDone) {
        var args;
        switch (event) {
          case 'animate':
            args = [element, options.from, options.to, onDone];
            break;

          case 'setClass':
            args = [element, classesToAdd, classesToRemove, onDone];
            break;

          case 'addClass':
            args = [element, classesToAdd, onDone];
            break;

          case 'removeClass':
            args = [element, classesToRemove, onDone];
            break;

          default:
            args = [element, onDone];
            break;
        }

        args.push(options);

        var value = fn.apply(fn, args);
        if (value) {
          if (isFunction(value.start)) {
            value = value.start();
          }

          if (value instanceof $$AnimateRunner) {
            value.done(onDone);
          } else if (isFunction(value)) {
            // optional onEnd / onCancel callback
            return value;
          }
        }

        return noop;
      }

      function groupEventedAnimations(element, event, options, animations, fnName) {
        var operations = [];
        forEach(animations, function(ani) {
          var animation = ani[fnName];
          if (!animation) return;

          // note that all of these animations will run in parallel
          operations.push(function() {
            var runner;
            var endProgressCb;

            var resolved = false;
            var onAnimationComplete = function(rejected) {
              if (!resolved) {
                resolved = true;
                (endProgressCb || noop)(rejected);
                runner.complete(!rejected);
              }
            };

            runner = new $$AnimateRunner({
              end: function() {
                onAnimationComplete();
              },
              cancel: function() {
                onAnimationComplete(true);
              }
            });

            endProgressCb = executeAnimationFn(animation, element, event, options, function(result) {
              var cancelled = result === false;
              onAnimationComplete(cancelled);
            });

            return runner;
          });
        });

        return operations;
      }

      function packageAnimations(element, event, options, animations, fnName) {
        var operations = groupEventedAnimations(element, event, options, animations, fnName);
        if (operations.length === 0) {
          var a, b;
          if (fnName === 'beforeSetClass') {
            a = groupEventedAnimations(element, 'removeClass', options, animations, 'beforeRemoveClass');
            b = groupEventedAnimations(element, 'addClass', options, animations, 'beforeAddClass');
          } else if (fnName === 'setClass') {
            a = groupEventedAnimations(element, 'removeClass', options, animations, 'removeClass');
            b = groupEventedAnimations(element, 'addClass', options, animations, 'addClass');
          }

          if (a) {
            operations = operations.concat(a);
          }
          if (b) {
            operations = operations.concat(b);
          }
        }

        if (operations.length === 0) return;

        // TODO(matsko): add documentation
        return function startAnimation(callback) {
          var runners = [];
          if (operations.length) {
            forEach(operations, function(animateFn) {
              runners.push(animateFn());
            });
          }

          if (runners.length) {
            $$AnimateRunner.all(runners, callback);
          }  else {
            callback();
          }

          return function endFn(reject) {
            forEach(runners, function(runner) {
              if (reject) {
                runner.cancel();
              } else {
                runner.end();
              }
            });
          };
        };
      }
    };

    function lookupAnimations(classes) {
      classes = isArray(classes) ? classes : classes.split(' ');
      var matches = [], flagMap = {};
      for (var i = 0; i < classes.length; i++) {
        var klass = classes[i],
            animationFactory = $animateProvider.$$registeredAnimations[klass];
        if (animationFactory && !flagMap[klass]) {
          matches.push($injector.get(animationFactory));
          flagMap[klass] = true;
        }
      }
      return matches;
    }
  }];
}];

var $$AnimateJsDriverProvider = ['$$animationProvider', /** @this */ function($$animationProvider) {
  $$animationProvider.drivers.push('$$animateJsDriver');
  this.$get = ['$$animateJs', '$$AnimateRunner', function($$animateJs, $$AnimateRunner) {
    return function initDriverFn(animationDetails) {
      if (animationDetails.from && animationDetails.to) {
        var fromAnimation = prepareAnimation(animationDetails.from);
        var toAnimation = prepareAnimation(animationDetails.to);
        if (!fromAnimation && !toAnimation) return;

        return {
          start: function() {
            var animationRunners = [];

            if (fromAnimation) {
              animationRunners.push(fromAnimation.start());
            }

            if (toAnimation) {
              animationRunners.push(toAnimation.start());
            }

            $$AnimateRunner.all(animationRunners, done);

            var runner = new $$AnimateRunner({
              end: endFnFactory(),
              cancel: endFnFactory()
            });

            return runner;

            function endFnFactory() {
              return function() {
                forEach(animationRunners, function(runner) {
                  // at this point we cannot cancel animations for groups just yet. 1.5+
                  runner.end();
                });
              };
            }

            function done(status) {
              runner.complete(status);
            }
          }
        };
      } else {
        return prepareAnimation(animationDetails);
      }
    };

    function prepareAnimation(animationDetails) {
      // TODO(matsko): make sure to check for grouped animations and delegate down to normal animations
      var element = animationDetails.element;
      var event = animationDetails.event;
      var options = animationDetails.options;
      var classes = animationDetails.classes;
      return $$animateJs(element, event, classes, options);
    }
  }];
}];

var NG_ANIMATE_ATTR_NAME = 'data-ng-animate';
var NG_ANIMATE_PIN_DATA = '$ngAnimatePin';
var $$AnimateQueueProvider = ['$animateProvider', /** @this */ function($animateProvider) {
  var PRE_DIGEST_STATE = 1;
  var RUNNING_STATE = 2;
  var ONE_SPACE = ' ';

  var rules = this.rules = {
    skip: [],
    cancel: [],
    join: []
  };

  function getEventData(options) {
    return {
      addClass: options.addClass,
      removeClass: options.removeClass,
      from: options.from,
      to: options.to
    };
  }

  function makeTruthyCssClassMap(classString) {
    if (!classString) {
      return null;
    }

    var keys = classString.split(ONE_SPACE);
    var map = Object.create(null);

    forEach(keys, function(key) {
      map[key] = true;
    });
    return map;
  }

  function hasMatchingClasses(newClassString, currentClassString) {
    if (newClassString && currentClassString) {
      var currentClassMap = makeTruthyCssClassMap(currentClassString);
      return newClassString.split(ONE_SPACE).some(function(className) {
        return currentClassMap[className];
      });
    }
  }

  function isAllowed(ruleType, currentAnimation, previousAnimation) {
    return rules[ruleType].some(function(fn) {
      return fn(currentAnimation, previousAnimation);
    });
  }

  function hasAnimationClasses(animation, and) {
    var a = (animation.addClass || '').length > 0;
    var b = (animation.removeClass || '').length > 0;
    return and ? a && b : a || b;
  }

  rules.join.push(function(newAnimation, currentAnimation) {
    // if the new animation is class-based then we can just tack that on
    return !newAnimation.structural && hasAnimationClasses(newAnimation);
  });

  rules.skip.push(function(newAnimation, currentAnimation) {
    // there is no need to animate anything if no classes are being added and
    // there is no structural animation that will be triggered
    return !newAnimation.structural && !hasAnimationClasses(newAnimation);
  });

  rules.skip.push(function(newAnimation, currentAnimation) {
    // why should we trigger a new structural animation if the element will
    // be removed from the DOM anyway?
    return currentAnimation.event === 'leave' && newAnimation.structural;
  });

  rules.skip.push(function(newAnimation, currentAnimation) {
    // if there is an ongoing current animation then don't even bother running the class-based animation
    return currentAnimation.structural && currentAnimation.state === RUNNING_STATE && !newAnimation.structural;
  });

  rules.cancel.push(function(newAnimation, currentAnimation) {
    // there can never be two structural animations running at the same time
    return currentAnimation.structural && newAnimation.structural;
  });

  rules.cancel.push(function(newAnimation, currentAnimation) {
    // if the previous animation is already running, but the new animation will
    // be triggered, but the new animation is structural
    return currentAnimation.state === RUNNING_STATE && newAnimation.structural;
  });

  rules.cancel.push(function(newAnimation, currentAnimation) {
    // cancel the animation if classes added / removed in both animation cancel each other out,
    // but only if the current animation isn't structural

    if (currentAnimation.structural) return false;

    var nA = newAnimation.addClass;
    var nR = newAnimation.removeClass;
    var cA = currentAnimation.addClass;
    var cR = currentAnimation.removeClass;

    // early detection to save the global CPU shortage :)
    if ((isUndefined(nA) && isUndefined(nR)) || (isUndefined(cA) && isUndefined(cR))) {
      return false;
    }

    return hasMatchingClasses(nA, cR) || hasMatchingClasses(nR, cA);
  });

  this.$get = ['$$rAF', '$rootScope', '$rootElement', '$document', '$$Map',
               '$$animation', '$$AnimateRunner', '$templateRequest', '$$jqLite', '$$forceReflow',
               '$$isDocumentHidden',
       function($$rAF,   $rootScope,   $rootElement,   $document,   $$Map,
                $$animation,   $$AnimateRunner,   $templateRequest,   $$jqLite,   $$forceReflow,
                $$isDocumentHidden) {

    var activeAnimationsLookup = new $$Map();
    var disabledElementsLookup = new $$Map();
    var animationsEnabled = null;

    function removeFromDisabledElementsLookup(evt) {
      disabledElementsLookup.delete(evt.target);
    }

    function postDigestTaskFactory() {
      var postDigestCalled = false;
      return function(fn) {
        // we only issue a call to postDigest before
        // it has first passed. This prevents any callbacks
        // from not firing once the animation has completed
        // since it will be out of the digest cycle.
        if (postDigestCalled) {
          fn();
        } else {
          $rootScope.$$postDigest(function() {
            postDigestCalled = true;
            fn();
          });
        }
      };
    }

    // Wait until all directive and route-related templates are downloaded and
    // compiled. The $templateRequest.totalPendingRequests variable keeps track of
    // all of the remote templates being currently downloaded. If there are no
    // templates currently downloading then the watcher will still fire anyway.
    var deregisterWatch = $rootScope.$watch(
      function() { return $templateRequest.totalPendingRequests === 0; },
      function(isEmpty) {
        if (!isEmpty) return;
        deregisterWatch();

        // Now that all templates have been downloaded, $animate will wait until
        // the post digest queue is empty before enabling animations. By having two
        // calls to $postDigest calls we can ensure that the flag is enabled at the
        // very end of the post digest queue. Since all of the animations in $animate
        // use $postDigest, it's important that the code below executes at the end.
        // This basically means that the page is fully downloaded and compiled before
        // any animations are triggered.
        $rootScope.$$postDigest(function() {
          $rootScope.$$postDigest(function() {
            // we check for null directly in the event that the application already called
            // .enabled() with whatever arguments that it provided it with
            if (animationsEnabled === null) {
              animationsEnabled = true;
            }
          });
        });
      }
    );

    var callbackRegistry = Object.create(null);

    // remember that the `customFilter`/`classNameFilter` are set during the
    // provider/config stage therefore we can optimize here and setup helper functions
    var customFilter = $animateProvider.customFilter();
    var classNameFilter = $animateProvider.classNameFilter();
    var returnTrue = function() { return true; };

    var isAnimatableByFilter = customFilter || returnTrue;
    var isAnimatableClassName = !classNameFilter ? returnTrue : function(node, options) {
      var className = [node.getAttribute('class'), options.addClass, options.removeClass].join(' ');
      return classNameFilter.test(className);
    };

    var applyAnimationClasses = applyAnimationClassesFactory($$jqLite);

    function normalizeAnimationDetails(element, animation) {
      return mergeAnimationDetails(element, animation, {});
    }

    // IE9-11 has no method "contains" in SVG element and in Node.prototype. Bug #10259.
    var contains = window.Node.prototype.contains || /** @this */ function(arg) {
      // eslint-disable-next-line no-bitwise
      return this === arg || !!(this.compareDocumentPosition(arg) & 16);
    };

    function findCallbacks(targetParentNode, targetNode, event) {
      var matches = [];
      var entries = callbackRegistry[event];
      if (entries) {
        forEach(entries, function(entry) {
          if (contains.call(entry.node, targetNode)) {
            matches.push(entry.callback);
          } else if (event === 'leave' && contains.call(entry.node, targetParentNode)) {
            matches.push(entry.callback);
          }
        });
      }

      return matches;
    }

    function filterFromRegistry(list, matchContainer, matchCallback) {
      var containerNode = extractElementNode(matchContainer);
      return list.filter(function(entry) {
        var isMatch = entry.node === containerNode &&
                        (!matchCallback || entry.callback === matchCallback);
        return !isMatch;
      });
    }

    function cleanupEventListeners(phase, node) {
      if (phase === 'close' && !node.parentNode) {
        // If the element is not attached to a parentNode, it has been removed by
        // the domOperation, and we can safely remove the event callbacks
        $animate.off(node);
      }
    }

    var $animate = {
      on: function(event, container, callback) {
        var node = extractElementNode(container);
        callbackRegistry[event] = callbackRegistry[event] || [];
        callbackRegistry[event].push({
          node: node,
          callback: callback
        });

        // Remove the callback when the element is removed from the DOM
        jqLite(container).on('$destroy', function() {
          var animationDetails = activeAnimationsLookup.get(node);

          if (!animationDetails) {
            // If there's an animation ongoing, the callback calling code will remove
            // the event listeners. If we'd remove here, the callbacks would be removed
            // before the animation ends
            $animate.off(event, container, callback);
          }
        });
      },

      off: function(event, container, callback) {
        if (arguments.length === 1 && !isString(arguments[0])) {
          container = arguments[0];
          for (var eventType in callbackRegistry) {
            callbackRegistry[eventType] = filterFromRegistry(callbackRegistry[eventType], container);
          }

          return;
        }

        var entries = callbackRegistry[event];
        if (!entries) return;

        callbackRegistry[event] = arguments.length === 1
            ? null
            : filterFromRegistry(entries, container, callback);
      },

      pin: function(element, parentElement) {
        assertArg(isElement(element), 'element', 'not an element');
        assertArg(isElement(parentElement), 'parentElement', 'not an element');
        element.data(NG_ANIMATE_PIN_DATA, parentElement);
      },

      push: function(element, event, options, domOperation) {
        options = options || {};
        options.domOperation = domOperation;
        return queueAnimation(element, event, options);
      },

      // this method has four signatures:
      //  () - global getter
      //  (bool) - global setter
      //  (element) - element getter
      //  (element, bool) - element setter<F37>
      enabled: function(element, bool) {
        var argCount = arguments.length;

        if (argCount === 0) {
          // () - Global getter
          bool = !!animationsEnabled;
        } else {
          var hasElement = isElement(element);

          if (!hasElement) {
            // (bool) - Global setter
            bool = animationsEnabled = !!element;
          } else {
            var node = getDomNode(element);

            if (argCount === 1) {
              // (element) - Element getter
              bool = !disabledElementsLookup.get(node);
            } else {
              // (element, bool) - Element setter
              if (!disabledElementsLookup.has(node)) {
                // The element is added to the map for the first time.
                // Create a listener to remove it on `$destroy` (to avoid memory leak).
                jqLite(element).on('$destroy', removeFromDisabledElementsLookup);
              }
              disabledElementsLookup.set(node, !bool);
            }
          }
        }

        return bool;
      }
    };

    return $animate;

    function queueAnimation(originalElement, event, initialOptions) {
      // we always make a copy of the options since
      // there should never be any side effects on
      // the input data when running `$animateCss`.
      var options = copy(initialOptions);

      var element = stripCommentsFromElement(originalElement);
      var node = getDomNode(element);
      var parentNode = node && node.parentNode;

      options = prepareAnimationOptions(options);

      // we create a fake runner with a working promise.
      // These methods will become available after the digest has passed
      var runner = new $$AnimateRunner();

      // this is used to trigger callbacks in postDigest mode
      var runInNextPostDigestOrNow = postDigestTaskFactory();

      if (isArray(options.addClass)) {
        options.addClass = options.addClass.join(' ');
      }

      if (options.addClass && !isString(options.addClass)) {
        options.addClass = null;
      }

      if (isArray(options.removeClass)) {
        options.removeClass = options.removeClass.join(' ');
      }

      if (options.removeClass && !isString(options.removeClass)) {
        options.removeClass = null;
      }

      if (options.from && !isObject(options.from)) {
        options.from = null;
      }

      if (options.to && !isObject(options.to)) {
        options.to = null;
      }

      // If animations are hard-disabled for the whole application there is no need to continue.
      // There are also situations where a directive issues an animation for a jqLite wrapper that
      // contains only comment nodes. In this case, there is no way we can perform an animation.
      if (!animationsEnabled ||
          !node ||
          !isAnimatableByFilter(node, event, initialOptions) ||
          !isAnimatableClassName(node, options)) {
        close();
        return runner;
      }

      var isStructural = ['enter', 'move', 'leave'].indexOf(event) >= 0;

      var documentHidden = $$isDocumentHidden();

      // This is a hard disable of all animations the element itself, therefore  there is no need to
      // continue further past this point if not enabled
      // Animations are also disabled if the document is currently hidden (page is not visible
      // to the user), because browsers slow down or do not flush calls to requestAnimationFrame
      var skipAnimations = documentHidden || disabledElementsLookup.get(node);
      var existingAnimation = (!skipAnimations && activeAnimationsLookup.get(node)) || {};
      var hasExistingAnimation = !!existingAnimation.state;

      // there is no point in traversing the same collection of parent ancestors if a followup
      // animation will be run on the same element that already did all that checking work
      if (!skipAnimations && (!hasExistingAnimation || existingAnimation.state !== PRE_DIGEST_STATE)) {
        skipAnimations = !areAnimationsAllowed(node, parentNode, event);
      }

      if (skipAnimations) {
        // Callbacks should fire even if the document is hidden (regression fix for issue #14120)
        if (documentHidden) notifyProgress(runner, event, 'start', getEventData(options));
        close();
        if (documentHidden) notifyProgress(runner, event, 'close', getEventData(options));
        return runner;
      }

      if (isStructural) {
        closeChildAnimations(node);
      }

      var newAnimation = {
        structural: isStructural,
        element: element,
        event: event,
        addClass: options.addClass,
        removeClass: options.removeClass,
        close: close,
        options: options,
        runner: runner
      };

      if (hasExistingAnimation) {
        var skipAnimationFlag = isAllowed('skip', newAnimation, existingAnimation);
        if (skipAnimationFlag) {
          if (existingAnimation.state === RUNNING_STATE) {
            close();
            return runner;
          } else {
            mergeAnimationDetails(element, existingAnimation, newAnimation);
            return existingAnimation.runner;
          }
        }
        var cancelAnimationFlag = isAllowed('cancel', newAnimation, existingAnimation);
        if (cancelAnimationFlag) {
          if (existingAnimation.state === RUNNING_STATE) {
            // this will end the animation right away and it is safe
            // to do so since the animation is already running and the
            // runner callback code will run in async
            existingAnimation.runner.end();
          } else if (existingAnimation.structural) {
            // this means that the animation is queued into a digest, but
            // hasn't started yet. Therefore it is safe to run the close
            // method which will call the runner methods in async.
            existingAnimation.close();
          } else {
            // this will merge the new animation options into existing animation options
            mergeAnimationDetails(element, existingAnimation, newAnimation);

            return existingAnimation.runner;
          }
        } else {
          // a joined animation means that this animation will take over the existing one
          // so an example would involve a leave animation taking over an enter. Then when
          // the postDigest kicks in the enter will be ignored.
          var joinAnimationFlag = isAllowed('join', newAnimation, existingAnimation);
          if (joinAnimationFlag) {
            if (existingAnimation.state === RUNNING_STATE) {
              normalizeAnimationDetails(element, newAnimation);
            } else {
              applyGeneratedPreparationClasses($$jqLite, element, isStructural ? event : null, options);

              event = newAnimation.event = existingAnimation.event;
              options = mergeAnimationDetails(element, existingAnimation, newAnimation);

              //we return the same runner since only the option values of this animation will
              //be fed into the `existingAnimation`.
              return existingAnimation.runner;
            }
          }
        }
      } else {
        // normalization in this case means that it removes redundant CSS classes that
        // already exist (addClass) or do not exist (removeClass) on the element
        normalizeAnimationDetails(element, newAnimation);
      }

      // when the options are merged and cleaned up we may end up not having to do
      // an animation at all, therefore we should check this before issuing a post
      // digest callback. Structural animations will always run no matter what.
      var isValidAnimation = newAnimation.structural;
      if (!isValidAnimation) {
        // animate (from/to) can be quickly checked first, otherwise we check if any classes are present
        isValidAnimation = (newAnimation.event === 'animate' && Object.keys(newAnimation.options.to || {}).length > 0)
                            || hasAnimationClasses(newAnimation);
      }

      if (!isValidAnimation) {
        close();
        clearElementAnimationState(node);
        return runner;
      }

      // the counter keeps track of cancelled animations
      var counter = (existingAnimation.counter || 0) + 1;
      newAnimation.counter = counter;

      markElementAnimationState(node, PRE_DIGEST_STATE, newAnimation);

      $rootScope.$$postDigest(function() {
        // It is possible that the DOM nodes inside `originalElement` have been replaced. This can
        // happen if the animated element is a transcluded clone and also has a `templateUrl`
        // directive on it. Therefore, we must recreate `element` in order to interact with the
        // actual DOM nodes.
        // Note: We still need to use the old `node` for certain things, such as looking up in
        //       HashMaps where it was used as the key.

        element = stripCommentsFromElement(originalElement);

        var animationDetails = activeAnimationsLookup.get(node);
        var animationCancelled = !animationDetails;
        animationDetails = animationDetails || {};

        // if addClass/removeClass is called before something like enter then the
        // registered parent element may not be present. The code below will ensure
        // that a final value for parent element is obtained
        var parentElement = element.parent() || [];

        // animate/structural/class-based animations all have requirements. Otherwise there
        // is no point in performing an animation. The parent node must also be set.
        var isValidAnimation = parentElement.length > 0
                                && (animationDetails.event === 'animate'
                                    || animationDetails.structural
                                    || hasAnimationClasses(animationDetails));

        // this means that the previous animation was cancelled
        // even if the follow-up animation is the same event
        if (animationCancelled || animationDetails.counter !== counter || !isValidAnimation) {
          // if another animation did not take over then we need
          // to make sure that the domOperation and options are
          // handled accordingly
          if (animationCancelled) {
            applyAnimationClasses(element, options);
            applyAnimationStyles(element, options);
          }

          // if the event changed from something like enter to leave then we do
          // it, otherwise if it's the same then the end result will be the same too
          if (animationCancelled || (isStructural && animationDetails.event !== event)) {
            options.domOperation();
            runner.end();
          }

          // in the event that the element animation was not cancelled or a follow-up animation
          // isn't allowed to animate from here then we need to clear the state of the element
          // so that any future animations won't read the expired animation data.
          if (!isValidAnimation) {
            clearElementAnimationState(node);
          }

          return;
        }

        // this combined multiple class to addClass / removeClass into a setClass event
        // so long as a structural event did not take over the animation
        event = !animationDetails.structural && hasAnimationClasses(animationDetails, true)
            ? 'setClass'
            : animationDetails.event;

        markElementAnimationState(node, RUNNING_STATE);
        var realRunner = $$animation(element, event, animationDetails.options);

        // this will update the runner's flow-control events based on
        // the `realRunner` object.
        runner.setHost(realRunner);
        notifyProgress(runner, event, 'start', getEventData(options));

        realRunner.done(function(status) {
          close(!status);
          var animationDetails = activeAnimationsLookup.get(node);
          if (animationDetails && animationDetails.counter === counter) {
            clearElementAnimationState(node);
          }
          notifyProgress(runner, event, 'close', getEventData(options));
        });
      });

      return runner;

      function notifyProgress(runner, event, phase, data) {
        runInNextPostDigestOrNow(function() {
          var callbacks = findCallbacks(parentNode, node, event);
          if (callbacks.length) {
            // do not optimize this call here to RAF because
            // we don't know how heavy the callback code here will
            // be and if this code is buffered then this can
            // lead to a performance regression.
            $$rAF(function() {
              forEach(callbacks, function(callback) {
                callback(element, phase, data);
              });
              cleanupEventListeners(phase, node);
            });
          } else {
            cleanupEventListeners(phase, node);
          }
        });
        runner.progress(event, phase, data);
      }

      function close(reject) {
        clearGeneratedClasses(element, options);
        applyAnimationClasses(element, options);
        applyAnimationStyles(element, options);
        options.domOperation();
        runner.complete(!reject);
      }
    }

    function closeChildAnimations(node) {
      var children = node.querySelectorAll('[' + NG_ANIMATE_ATTR_NAME + ']');
      forEach(children, function(child) {
        var state = parseInt(child.getAttribute(NG_ANIMATE_ATTR_NAME), 10);
        var animationDetails = activeAnimationsLookup.get(child);
        if (animationDetails) {
          switch (state) {
            case RUNNING_STATE:
              animationDetails.runner.end();
              /* falls through */
            case PRE_DIGEST_STATE:
              activeAnimationsLookup.delete(child);
              break;
          }
        }
      });
    }

    function clearElementAnimationState(node) {
      node.removeAttribute(NG_ANIMATE_ATTR_NAME);
      activeAnimationsLookup.delete(node);
    }

    /**
     * This fn returns false if any of the following is true:
     * a) animations on any parent element are disabled, and animations on the element aren't explicitly allowed
     * b) a parent element has an ongoing structural animation, and animateChildren is false
     * c) the element is not a child of the body
     * d) the element is not a child of the $rootElement
     */
    function areAnimationsAllowed(node, parentNode, event) {
      var bodyNode = $document[0].body;
      var rootNode = getDomNode($rootElement);

      var bodyNodeDetected = (node === bodyNode) || node.nodeName === 'HTML';
      var rootNodeDetected = (node === rootNode);
      var parentAnimationDetected = false;
      var elementDisabled = disabledElementsLookup.get(node);
      var animateChildren;

      var parentHost = jqLite.data(node, NG_ANIMATE_PIN_DATA);
      if (parentHost) {
        parentNode = getDomNode(parentHost);
      }

      while (parentNode) {
        if (!rootNodeDetected) {
          // AngularJS doesn't want to attempt to animate elements outside of the application
          // therefore we need to ensure that the rootElement is an ancestor of the current element
          rootNodeDetected = (parentNode === rootNode);
        }

        if (parentNode.nodeType !== ELEMENT_NODE) {
          // no point in inspecting the #document element
          break;
        }

        var details = activeAnimationsLookup.get(parentNode) || {};
        // either an enter, leave or move animation will commence
        // therefore we can't allow any animations to take place
        // but if a parent animation is class-based then that's ok
        if (!parentAnimationDetected) {
          var parentNodeDisabled = disabledElementsLookup.get(parentNode);

          if (parentNodeDisabled === true && elementDisabled !== false) {
            // disable animations if the user hasn't explicitly enabled animations on the
            // current element
            elementDisabled = true;
            // element is disabled via parent element, no need to check anything else
            break;
          } else if (parentNodeDisabled === false) {
            elementDisabled = false;
          }
          parentAnimationDetected = details.structural;
        }

        if (isUndefined(animateChildren) || animateChildren === true) {
          var value = jqLite.data(parentNode, NG_ANIMATE_CHILDREN_DATA);
          if (isDefined(value)) {
            animateChildren = value;
          }
        }

        // there is no need to continue traversing at this point
        if (parentAnimationDetected && animateChildren === false) break;

        if (!bodyNodeDetected) {
          // we also need to ensure that the element is or will be a part of the body element
          // otherwise it is pointless to even issue an animation to be rendered
          bodyNodeDetected = (parentNode === bodyNode);
        }

        if (bodyNodeDetected && rootNodeDetected) {
          // If both body and root have been found, any other checks are pointless,
          // as no animation data should live outside the application
          break;
        }

        if (!rootNodeDetected) {
          // If `rootNode` is not detected, check if `parentNode` is pinned to another element
          parentHost = jqLite.data(parentNode, NG_ANIMATE_PIN_DATA);
          if (parentHost) {
            // The pin target element becomes the next parent element
            parentNode = getDomNode(parentHost);
            continue;
          }
        }

        parentNode = parentNode.parentNode;
      }

      var allowAnimation = (!parentAnimationDetected || animateChildren) && elementDisabled !== true;
      return allowAnimation && rootNodeDetected && bodyNodeDetected;
    }

    function markElementAnimationState(node, state, details) {
      details = details || {};
      details.state = state;

      node.setAttribute(NG_ANIMATE_ATTR_NAME, state);

      var oldValue = activeAnimationsLookup.get(node);
      var newValue = oldValue
          ? extend(oldValue, details)
          : details;
      activeAnimationsLookup.set(node, newValue);
    }
  }];
}];

/** @this */
var $$AnimateCacheProvider = function() {

  var KEY = '$$ngAnimateParentKey';
  var parentCounter = 0;
  var cache = Object.create(null);

  this.$get = [function() {
    return {
      cacheKey: function(node, method, addClass, removeClass) {
        var parentNode = node.parentNode;
        var parentID = parentNode[KEY] || (parentNode[KEY] = ++parentCounter);
        var parts = [parentID, method, node.getAttribute('class')];
        if (addClass) {
          parts.push(addClass);
        }
        if (removeClass) {
          parts.push(removeClass);
        }
        return parts.join(' ');
      },

      containsCachedAnimationWithoutDuration: function(key) {
        var entry = cache[key];

        // nothing cached, so go ahead and animate
        // otherwise it should be a valid animation
        return (entry && !entry.isValid) || false;
      },

      flush: function() {
        cache = Object.create(null);
      },

      count: function(key) {
        var entry = cache[key];
        return entry ? entry.total : 0;
      },

      get: function(key) {
        var entry = cache[key];
        return entry && entry.value;
      },

      put: function(key, value, isValid) {
        if (!cache[key]) {
          cache[key] = { total: 1, value: value, isValid: isValid };
        } else {
          cache[key].total++;
          cache[key].value = value;
        }
      }
    };
  }];
};

/* exported $$AnimationProvider */

var $$AnimationProvider = ['$animateProvider', /** @this */ function($animateProvider) {
  var NG_ANIMATE_REF_ATTR = 'ng-animate-ref';

  var drivers = this.drivers = [];

  var RUNNER_STORAGE_KEY = '$$animationRunner';
  var PREPARE_CLASSES_KEY = '$$animatePrepareClasses';

  function setRunner(element, runner) {
    element.data(RUNNER_STORAGE_KEY, runner);
  }

  function removeRunner(element) {
    element.removeData(RUNNER_STORAGE_KEY);
  }

  function getRunner(element) {
    return element.data(RUNNER_STORAGE_KEY);
  }

  this.$get = ['$$jqLite', '$rootScope', '$injector', '$$AnimateRunner', '$$Map', '$$rAFScheduler', '$$animateCache',
       function($$jqLite,   $rootScope,   $injector,   $$AnimateRunner,   $$Map,   $$rAFScheduler, $$animateCache) {

    var animationQueue = [];
    var applyAnimationClasses = applyAnimationClassesFactory($$jqLite);

    function sortAnimations(animations) {
      var tree = { children: [] };
      var i, lookup = new $$Map();

      // this is done first beforehand so that the map
      // is filled with a list of the elements that will be animated
      for (i = 0; i < animations.length; i++) {
        var animation = animations[i];
        lookup.set(animation.domNode, animations[i] = {
          domNode: animation.domNode,
          element: animation.element,
          fn: animation.fn,
          children: []
        });
      }

      for (i = 0; i < animations.length; i++) {
        processNode(animations[i]);
      }

      return flatten(tree);

      function processNode(entry) {
        if (entry.processed) return entry;
        entry.processed = true;

        var elementNode = entry.domNode;
        var parentNode = elementNode.parentNode;
        lookup.set(elementNode, entry);

        var parentEntry;
        while (parentNode) {
          parentEntry = lookup.get(parentNode);
          if (parentEntry) {
            if (!parentEntry.processed) {
              parentEntry = processNode(parentEntry);
            }
            break;
          }
          parentNode = parentNode.parentNode;
        }

        (parentEntry || tree).children.push(entry);
        return entry;
      }

      function flatten(tree) {
        var result = [];
        var queue = [];
        var i;

        for (i = 0; i < tree.children.length; i++) {
          queue.push(tree.children[i]);
        }

        var remainingLevelEntries = queue.length;
        var nextLevelEntries = 0;
        var row = [];

        for (i = 0; i < queue.length; i++) {
          var entry = queue[i];
          if (remainingLevelEntries <= 0) {
            remainingLevelEntries = nextLevelEntries;
            nextLevelEntries = 0;
            result.push(row);
            row = [];
          }
          row.push(entry);
          entry.children.forEach(function(childEntry) {
            nextLevelEntries++;
            queue.push(childEntry);
          });
          remainingLevelEntries--;
        }

        if (row.length) {
          result.push(row);
        }

        return result;
      }
    }

    // TODO(matsko): document the signature in a better way
    return function(element, event, options) {
      options = prepareAnimationOptions(options);
      var isStructural = ['enter', 'move', 'leave'].indexOf(event) >= 0;

      // there is no animation at the current moment, however
      // these runner methods will get later updated with the
      // methods leading into the driver's end/cancel methods
      // for now they just stop the animation from starting
      var runner = new $$AnimateRunner({
        end: function() { close(); },
        cancel: function() { close(true); }
      });

      if (!drivers.length) {
        close();
        return runner;
      }

      var classes = mergeClasses(element.attr('class'), mergeClasses(options.addClass, options.removeClass));
      var tempClasses = options.tempClasses;
      if (tempClasses) {
        classes += ' ' + tempClasses;
        options.tempClasses = null;
      }

      if (isStructural) {
        element.data(PREPARE_CLASSES_KEY, 'ng-' + event + PREPARE_CLASS_SUFFIX);
      }

      setRunner(element, runner);

      animationQueue.push({
        // this data is used by the postDigest code and passed into
        // the driver step function
        element: element,
        classes: classes,
        event: event,
        structural: isStructural,
        options: options,
        beforeStart: beforeStart,
        close: close
      });

      element.on('$destroy', handleDestroyedElement);

      // we only want there to be one function called within the post digest
      // block. This way we can group animations for all the animations that
      // were apart of the same postDigest flush call.
      if (animationQueue.length > 1) return runner;

      $rootScope.$$postDigest(function() {
        var animations = [];
        forEach(animationQueue, function(entry) {
          // the element was destroyed early on which removed the runner
          // form its storage. This means we can't animate this element
          // at all and it already has been closed due to destruction.
          if (getRunner(entry.element)) {
            animations.push(entry);
          } else {
            entry.close();
          }
        });

        // now any future animations will be in another postDigest
        animationQueue.length = 0;

        var groupedAnimations = groupAnimations(animations);
        var toBeSortedAnimations = [];

        forEach(groupedAnimations, function(animationEntry) {
          var element = animationEntry.from ? animationEntry.from.element : animationEntry.element;
          var extraClasses = options.addClass;

          extraClasses = (extraClasses ? (extraClasses + ' ') : '') + NG_ANIMATE_CLASSNAME;
          var cacheKey = $$animateCache.cacheKey(element[0], animationEntry.event, extraClasses, options.removeClass);

          toBeSortedAnimations.push({
            element: element,
            domNode: getDomNode(element),
            fn: function triggerAnimationStart() {
              var startAnimationFn, closeFn = animationEntry.close;

              // in the event that we've cached the animation status for this element
              // and it's in fact an invalid animation (something that has duration = 0)
              // then we should skip all the heavy work from here on
              if ($$animateCache.containsCachedAnimationWithoutDuration(cacheKey)) {
                closeFn();
                return;
              }

              // it's important that we apply the `ng-animate` CSS class and the
              // temporary classes before we do any driver invoking since these
              // CSS classes may be required for proper CSS detection.
              animationEntry.beforeStart();

              // in the event that the element was removed before the digest runs or
              // during the RAF sequencing then we should not trigger the animation.
              var targetElement = animationEntry.anchors
                  ? (animationEntry.from.element || animationEntry.to.element)
                  : animationEntry.element;

              if (getRunner(targetElement)) {
                var operation = invokeFirstDriver(animationEntry);
                if (operation) {
                  startAnimationFn = operation.start;
                }
              }

              if (!startAnimationFn) {
                closeFn();
              } else {
                var animationRunner = startAnimationFn();
                animationRunner.done(function(status) {
                  closeFn(!status);
                });
                updateAnimationRunners(animationEntry, animationRunner);
              }
            }
          });
        });

        // we need to sort each of the animations in order of parent to child
        // relationships. This ensures that the child classes are applied at the
        // right time.
        var finalAnimations = sortAnimations(toBeSortedAnimations);
        for (var i = 0; i < finalAnimations.length; i++) {
          var innerArray = finalAnimations[i];
          for (var j = 0; j < innerArray.length; j++) {
            var entry = innerArray[j];
            var element = entry.element;

            // the RAFScheduler code only uses functions
            finalAnimations[i][j] = entry.fn;

            // the first row of elements shouldn't have a prepare-class added to them
            // since the elements are at the top of the animation hierarchy and they
            // will be applied without a RAF having to pass...
            if (i === 0) {
              element.removeData(PREPARE_CLASSES_KEY);
              continue;
            }

            var prepareClassName = element.data(PREPARE_CLASSES_KEY);
            if (prepareClassName) {
              $$jqLite.addClass(element, prepareClassName);
            }
          }
        }

        $$rAFScheduler(finalAnimations);
      });

      return runner;

      // TODO(matsko): change to reference nodes
      function getAnchorNodes(node) {
        var SELECTOR = '[' + NG_ANIMATE_REF_ATTR + ']';
        var items = node.hasAttribute(NG_ANIMATE_REF_ATTR)
              ? [node]
              : node.querySelectorAll(SELECTOR);
        var anchors = [];
        forEach(items, function(node) {
          var attr = node.getAttribute(NG_ANIMATE_REF_ATTR);
          if (attr && attr.length) {
            anchors.push(node);
          }
        });
        return anchors;
      }

      function groupAnimations(animations) {
        var preparedAnimations = [];
        var refLookup = {};
        forEach(animations, function(animation, index) {
          var element = animation.element;
          var node = getDomNode(element);
          var event = animation.event;
          var enterOrMove = ['enter', 'move'].indexOf(event) >= 0;
          var anchorNodes = animation.structural ? getAnchorNodes(node) : [];

          if (anchorNodes.length) {
            var direction = enterOrMove ? 'to' : 'from';

            forEach(anchorNodes, function(anchor) {
              var key = anchor.getAttribute(NG_ANIMATE_REF_ATTR);
              refLookup[key] = refLookup[key] || {};
              refLookup[key][direction] = {
                animationID: index,
                element: jqLite(anchor)
              };
            });
          } else {
            preparedAnimations.push(animation);
          }
        });

        var usedIndicesLookup = {};
        var anchorGroups = {};
        forEach(refLookup, function(operations, key) {
          var from = operations.from;
          var to = operations.to;

          if (!from || !to) {
            // only one of these is set therefore we can't have an
            // anchor animation since all three pieces are required
            var index = from ? from.animationID : to.animationID;
            var indexKey = index.toString();
            if (!usedIndicesLookup[indexKey]) {
              usedIndicesLookup[indexKey] = true;
              preparedAnimations.push(animations[index]);
            }
            return;
          }

          var fromAnimation = animations[from.animationID];
          var toAnimation = animations[to.animationID];
          var lookupKey = from.animationID.toString();
          if (!anchorGroups[lookupKey]) {
            var group = anchorGroups[lookupKey] = {
              structural: true,
              beforeStart: function() {
                fromAnimation.beforeStart();
                toAnimation.beforeStart();
              },
              close: function() {
                fromAnimation.close();
                toAnimation.close();
              },
              classes: cssClassesIntersection(fromAnimation.classes, toAnimation.classes),
              from: fromAnimation,
              to: toAnimation,
              anchors: [] // TODO(matsko): change to reference nodes
            };

            // the anchor animations require that the from and to elements both have at least
            // one shared CSS class which effectively marries the two elements together to use
            // the same animation driver and to properly sequence the anchor animation.
            if (group.classes.length) {
              preparedAnimations.push(group);
            } else {
              preparedAnimations.push(fromAnimation);
              preparedAnimations.push(toAnimation);
            }
          }

          anchorGroups[lookupKey].anchors.push({
            'out': from.element, 'in': to.element
          });
        });

        return preparedAnimations;
      }

      function cssClassesIntersection(a,b) {
        a = a.split(' ');
        b = b.split(' ');
        var matches = [];

        for (var i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
          var aa = a[i];
          if (aa.substring(0,3) === 'ng-') continue;

          for (var j = 0; j < b.length; j++) {
            if (aa === b[j]) {
              matches.push(aa);
              break;
            }
          }
        }

        return matches.join(' ');
      }

      function invokeFirstDriver(animationDetails) {
        // we loop in reverse order since the more general drivers (like CSS and JS)
        // may attempt more elements, but custom drivers are more particular
        for (var i = drivers.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
          var driverName = drivers[i];
          var factory = $injector.get(driverName);
          var driver = factory(animationDetails);
          if (driver) {
            return driver;
          }
        }
      }

      function beforeStart() {
        tempClasses = (tempClasses ? (tempClasses + ' ') : '') + NG_ANIMATE_CLASSNAME;
        $$jqLite.addClass(element, tempClasses);

        var prepareClassName = element.data(PREPARE_CLASSES_KEY);
        if (prepareClassName) {
          $$jqLite.removeClass(element, prepareClassName);
          prepareClassName = null;
        }
      }

      function updateAnimationRunners(animation, newRunner) {
        if (animation.from && animation.to) {
          update(animation.from.element);
          update(animation.to.element);
        } else {
          update(animation.element);
        }

        function update(element) {
          var runner = getRunner(element);
          if (runner) runner.setHost(newRunner);
        }
      }

      function handleDestroyedElement() {
        var runner = getRunner(element);
        if (runner && (event !== 'leave' || !options.$$domOperationFired)) {
          runner.end();
        }
      }

      function close(rejected) {
        element.off('$destroy', handleDestroyedElement);
        removeRunner(element);

        applyAnimationClasses(element, options);
        applyAnimationStyles(element, options);
        options.domOperation();

        if (tempClasses) {
          $$jqLite.removeClass(element, tempClasses);
        }

        runner.complete(!rejected);
      }
    };
  }];
}];

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngAnimateSwap
 * @restrict A
 * @scope
 *
 * @description
 *
 * ngAnimateSwap is a animation-oriented directive that allows for the container to
 * be removed and entered in whenever the associated expression changes. A
 * common usecase for this directive is a rotating banner or slider component which
 * contains one image being present at a time. When the active image changes
 * then the old image will perform a `leave` animation and the new element
 * will be inserted via an `enter` animation.
 *
 * @animations
 * | Animation                        | Occurs                               |
 * |----------------------------------|--------------------------------------|
 * | {@link ng.$animate#enter enter}  | when the new element is inserted to the DOM  |
 * | {@link ng.$animate#leave leave}  | when the old element is removed from the DOM |
 *
 * @example
 * <example name="ngAnimateSwap-directive" module="ngAnimateSwapExample"
 *          deps="angular-animate.js"
 *          animations="true" fixBase="true">
 *   <file name="index.html">
 *     <div class="container" ng-controller="AppCtrl">
 *       <div ng-animate-swap="number" class="cell swap-animation" ng-class="colorClass(number)">
 *         {{ number }}
 *       </div>
 *     </div>
 *   </file>
 *   <file name="script.js">
 *     angular.module('ngAnimateSwapExample', ['ngAnimate'])
 *       .controller('AppCtrl', ['$scope', '$interval', function($scope, $interval) {
 *         $scope.number = 0;
 *         $interval(function() {
 *           $scope.number++;
 *         }, 1000);
 *
 *         var colors = ['red','blue','green','yellow','orange'];
 *         $scope.colorClass = function(number) {
 *           return colors[number % colors.length];
 *         };
 *       }]);
 *   </file>
 *  <file name="animations.css">
 *  .container {
 *    height:250px;
 *    width:250px;
 *    position:relative;
 *    overflow:hidden;
 *    border:2px solid black;
 *  }
 *  .container .cell {
 *    font-size:150px;
 *    text-align:center;
 *    line-height:250px;
 *    position:absolute;
 *    top:0;
 *    left:0;
 *    right:0;
 *    border-bottom:2px solid black;
 *  }
 *  .swap-animation.ng-enter, .swap-animation.ng-leave {
 *    transition:0.5s linear all;
 *  }
 *  .swap-animation.ng-enter {
 *    top:-250px;
 *  }
 *  .swap-animation.ng-enter-active {
 *    top:0px;
 *  }
 *  .swap-animation.ng-leave {
 *    top:0px;
 *  }
 *  .swap-animation.ng-leave-active {
 *    top:250px;
 *  }
 *  .red { background:red; }
 *  .green { background:green; }
 *  .blue { background:blue; }
 *  .yellow { background:yellow; }
 *  .orange { background:orange; }
 *  </file>
 * </example>
 */
var ngAnimateSwapDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
  return {
    restrict: 'A',
    transclude: 'element',
    terminal: true,
    priority: 550, // We use 550 here to ensure that the directive is caught before others,
                   // but after `ngIf` (at priority 600).
    link: function(scope, $element, attrs, ctrl, $transclude) {
      var previousElement, previousScope;
      scope.$watchCollection(attrs.ngAnimateSwap || attrs['for'], function(value) {
        if (previousElement) {
          $animate.leave(previousElement);
        }
        if (previousScope) {
          previousScope.$destroy();
          previousScope = null;
        }
        if (value || value === 0) {
          $transclude(function(clone, childScope) {
            previousElement = clone;
            previousScope = childScope;
            $animate.enter(clone, null, $element);
          });
        }
      });
    }
  };
}];

/**
 * @ngdoc module
 * @name ngAnimate
 * @description
 *
 * The `ngAnimate` module provides support for CSS-based animations (keyframes and transitions) as well as JavaScript-based animations via
 * callback hooks. Animations are not enabled by default, however, by including `ngAnimate` the animation hooks are enabled for an AngularJS app.
 *
 * ## Usage
 * Simply put, there are two ways to make use of animations when ngAnimate is used: by using **CSS** and **JavaScript**. The former works purely based
 * using CSS (by using matching CSS selectors/styles) and the latter triggers animations that are registered via `module.animation()`. For
 * both CSS and JS animations the sole requirement is to have a matching `CSS class` that exists both in the registered animation and within
 * the HTML element that the animation will be triggered on.
 *
 * ## Directive Support
 * The following directives are "animation aware":
 *
 * | Directive                                                                     | Supported Animations                                                      |
 * |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------|
 * | {@link ng.directive:form#animations form / ngForm}                            | add and remove ({@link ng.directive:form#css-classes various classes})    |
 * | {@link ngAnimate.directive:ngAnimateSwap#animations ngAnimateSwap}            | enter and leave                                                           |
 * | {@link ng.directive:ngClass#animations ngClass / {{class&#125;&#8203;&#125;}  | add and remove                                                            |
 * | {@link ng.directive:ngClassEven#animations ngClassEven}                       | add and remove                                                            |
 * | {@link ng.directive:ngClassOdd#animations ngClassOdd}                         | add and remove                                                            |
 * | {@link ng.directive:ngHide#animations ngHide}                                 | add and remove (the `ng-hide` class)                                      |
 * | {@link ng.directive:ngIf#animations ngIf}                                     | enter and leave                                                           |
 * | {@link ng.directive:ngInclude#animations ngInclude}                           | enter and leave                                                           |
 * | {@link module:ngMessages#animations ngMessage / ngMessageExp}                 | enter and leave                                                           |
 * | {@link module:ngMessages#animations ngMessages}                               | add and remove (the `ng-active`/`ng-inactive` classes)                    |
 * | {@link ng.directive:ngModel#animations ngModel}                               | add and remove ({@link ng.directive:ngModel#css-classes various classes}) |
 * | {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat#animations ngRepeat}                             | enter, leave, and move                                                    |
 * | {@link ng.directive:ngShow#animations ngShow}                                 | add and remove (the `ng-hide` class)                                      |
 * | {@link ng.directive:ngSwitch#animations ngSwitch}                             | enter and leave                                                           |
 * | {@link ngRoute.directive:ngView#animations ngView}                            | enter and leave                                                           |
 *
 * (More information can be found by visiting the documentation associated with each directive.)
 *
 * For a full breakdown of the steps involved during each animation event, refer to the
 * {@link ng.$animate `$animate` API docs}.
 *
 * ## CSS-based Animations
 *
 * CSS-based animations with ngAnimate are unique since they require no JavaScript code at all. By using a CSS class that we reference between our HTML
 * and CSS code we can create an animation that will be picked up by AngularJS when an underlying directive performs an operation.
 *
 * The example below shows how an `enter` animation can be made possible on an element using `ng-if`:
 *
 * ```html
 * <div ng-if="bool" class="fade">
 *    Fade me in out
 * </div>
 * <button ng-click="bool=true">Fade In!</button>
 * <button ng-click="bool=false">Fade Out!</button>
 * ```
 *
 * Notice the CSS class **fade**? We can now create the CSS transition code that references this class:
 *
 * ```css
 * /&#42; The starting CSS styles for the enter animation &#42;/
 * .fade.ng-enter {
 *   transition:0.5s linear all;
 *   opacity:0;
 * }
 *
 * /&#42; The finishing CSS styles for the enter animation &#42;/
 * .fade.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
 *   opacity:1;
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * The key thing to remember here is that, depending on the animation event (which each of the directives above trigger depending on what's going on) two
 * generated CSS classes will be applied to the element; in the example above we have `.ng-enter` and `.ng-enter-active`. For CSS transitions, the transition
 * code **must** be defined within the starting CSS class (in this case `.ng-enter`). The destination class is what the transition will animate towards.
 *
 * If for example we wanted to create animations for `leave` and `move` (ngRepeat triggers move) then we can do so using the same CSS naming conventions:
 *
 * ```css
 * /&#42; now the element will fade out before it is removed from the DOM &#42;/
 * .fade.ng-leave {
 *   transition:0.5s linear all;
 *   opacity:1;
 * }
 * .fade.ng-leave.ng-leave-active {
 *   opacity:0;
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * We can also make use of **CSS Keyframes** by referencing the keyframe animation within the starting CSS class:
 *
 * ```css
 * /&#42; there is no need to define anything inside of the destination
 * CSS class since the keyframe will take charge of the animation &#42;/
 * .fade.ng-leave {
 *   animation: my_fade_animation 0.5s linear;
 *   -webkit-animation: my_fade_animation 0.5s linear;
 * }
 *
 * @keyframes my_fade_animation {
 *   from { opacity:1; }
 *   to { opacity:0; }
 * }
 *
 * @-webkit-keyframes my_fade_animation {
 *   from { opacity:1; }
 *   to { opacity:0; }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Feel free also mix transitions and keyframes together as well as any other CSS classes on the same element.
 *
 * ### CSS Class-based Animations
 *
 * Class-based animations (animations that are triggered via `ngClass`, `ngShow`, `ngHide` and some other directives) have a slightly different
 * naming convention. Class-based animations are basic enough that a standard transition or keyframe can be referenced on the class being added
 * and removed.
 *
 * For example if we wanted to do a CSS animation for `ngHide` then we place an animation on the `.ng-hide` CSS class:
 *
 * ```html
 * <div ng-show="bool" class="fade">
 *   Show and hide me
 * </div>
 * <button ng-click="bool=!bool">Toggle</button>
 *
 * <style>
 * .fade.ng-hide {
 *   transition:0.5s linear all;
 *   opacity:0;
 * }
 * </style>
 * ```
 *
 * All that is going on here with ngShow/ngHide behind the scenes is the `.ng-hide` class is added/removed (when the hidden state is valid). Since
 * ngShow and ngHide are animation aware then we can match up a transition and ngAnimate handles the rest.
 *
 * In addition the addition and removal of the CSS class, ngAnimate also provides two helper methods that we can use to further decorate the animation
 * with CSS styles.
 *
 * ```html
 * <div ng-class="{on:onOff}" class="highlight">
 *   Highlight this box
 * </div>
 * <button ng-click="onOff=!onOff">Toggle</button>
 *
 * <style>
 * .highlight {
 *   transition:0.5s linear all;
 * }
 * .highlight.on-add {
 *   background:white;
 * }
 * .highlight.on {
 *   background:yellow;
 * }
 * .highlight.on-remove {
 *   background:black;
 * }
 * </style>
 * ```
 *
 * We can also make use of CSS keyframes by placing them within the CSS classes.
 *
 *
 * ### CSS Staggering Animations
 * A Staggering animation is a collection of animations that are issued with a slight delay in between each successive operation resulting in a
 * curtain-like effect. The ngAnimate module (versions >=1.2) supports staggering animations and the stagger effect can be
 * performed by creating a **ng-EVENT-stagger** CSS class and attaching that class to the base CSS class used for
 * the animation. The style property expected within the stagger class can either be a **transition-delay** or an
 * **animation-delay** property (or both if your animation contains both transitions and keyframe animations).
 *
 * ```css
 * .my-animation.ng-enter {
 *   /&#42; standard transition code &#42;/
 *   transition: 1s linear all;
 *   opacity:0;
 * }
 * .my-animation.ng-enter-stagger {
 *   /&#42; this will have a 100ms delay between each successive leave animation &#42;/
 *   transition-delay: 0.1s;
 *
 *   /&#42; As of 1.4.4, this must always be set: it signals ngAnimate
 *     to not accidentally inherit a delay property from another CSS class &#42;/
 *   transition-duration: 0s;
 *
 *   /&#42; if you are using animations instead of transitions you should configure as follows:
 *     animation-delay: 0.1s;
 *     animation-duration: 0s; &#42;/
 * }
 * .my-animation.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
 *   /&#42; standard transition styles &#42;/
 *   opacity:1;
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Staggering animations work by default in ngRepeat (so long as the CSS class is defined). Outside of ngRepeat, to use staggering animations
 * on your own, they can be triggered by firing multiple calls to the same event on $animate. However, the restrictions surrounding this
 * are that each of the elements must have the same CSS className value as well as the same parent element. A stagger operation
 * will also be reset if one or more animation frames have passed since the multiple calls to `$animate` were fired.
 *
 * The following code will issue the **ng-leave-stagger** event on the element provided:
 *
 * ```js
 * var kids = parent.children();
 *
 * $animate.leave(kids[0]); //stagger index=0
 * $animate.leave(kids[1]); //stagger index=1
 * $animate.leave(kids[2]); //stagger index=2
 * $animate.leave(kids[3]); //stagger index=3
 * $animate.leave(kids[4]); //stagger index=4
 *
 * window.requestAnimationFrame(function() {
 *   //stagger has reset itself
 *   $animate.leave(kids[5]); //stagger index=0
 *   $animate.leave(kids[6]); //stagger index=1
 *
 *   $scope.$digest();
 * });
 * ```
 *
 * Stagger animations are currently only supported within CSS-defined animations.
 *
 * ### The `ng-animate` CSS class
 *
 * When ngAnimate is animating an element it will apply the `ng-animate` CSS class to the element for the duration of the animation.
 * This is a temporary CSS class and it will be removed once the animation is over (for both JavaScript and CSS-based animations).
 *
 * Therefore, animations can be applied to an element using this temporary class directly via CSS.
 *
 * ```css
 * .zipper.ng-animate {
 *   transition:0.5s linear all;
 * }
 * .zipper.ng-enter {
 *   opacity:0;
 * }
 * .zipper.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
 *   opacity:1;
 * }
 * .zipper.ng-leave {
 *   opacity:1;
 * }
 * .zipper.ng-leave.ng-leave-active {
 *   opacity:0;
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * (Note that the `ng-animate` CSS class is reserved and it cannot be applied on an element directly since ngAnimate will always remove
 * the CSS class once an animation has completed.)
 *
 *
 * ### The `ng-[event]-prepare` class
 *
 * This is a special class that can be used to prevent unwanted flickering / flash of content before
 * the actual animation starts. The class is added as soon as an animation is initialized, but removed
 * before the actual animation starts (after waiting for a $digest).
 * It is also only added for *structural* animations (`enter`, `move`, and `leave`).
 *
 * In practice, flickering can appear when nesting elements with structural animations such as `ngIf`
 * into elements that have class-based animations such as `ngClass`.
 *
 * ```html
 * <div ng-class="{red: myProp}">
 *   <div ng-class="{blue: myProp}">
 *     <div class="message" ng-if="myProp"></div>
 *   </div>
 * </div>
 * ```
 *
 * It is possible that during the `enter` animation, the `.message` div will be briefly visible before it starts animating.
 * In that case, you can add styles to the CSS that make sure the element stays hidden before the animation starts:
 *
 * ```css
 * .message.ng-enter-prepare {
 *   opacity: 0;
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * ### Animating between value changes
 *
 * Sometimes you need to animate between different expression states, whose values
 * don't necessary need to be known or referenced in CSS styles.
 * Unless possible with another {@link ngAnimate#directive-support "animation aware" directive},
 * that specific use case can always be covered with {@link ngAnimate.directive:ngAnimateSwap} as
 * can be seen in {@link ngAnimate.directive:ngAnimateSwap#examples this example}.
 *
 * Note that {@link ngAnimate.directive:ngAnimateSwap} is a *structural directive*, which means it
 * creates a new instance of the element (including any other/child directives it may have) and
 * links it to a new scope every time *swap* happens. In some cases this might not be desirable
 * (e.g. for performance reasons, or when you wish to retain internal state on the original
 * element instance).
 *
 * ## JavaScript-based Animations
 *
 * ngAnimate also allows for animations to be consumed by JavaScript code. The approach is similar to CSS-based animations (where there is a shared
 * CSS class that is referenced in our HTML code) but in addition we need to register the JavaScript animation on the module. By making use of the
 * `module.animation()` module function we can register the animation.
 *
 * Let's see an example of a enter/leave animation using `ngRepeat`:
 *
 * ```html
 * <div ng-repeat="item in items" class="slide">
 *   {{ item }}
 * </div>
 * ```
 *
 * See the **slide** CSS class? Let's use that class to define an animation that we'll structure in our module code by using `module.animation`:
 *
 * ```js
 * myModule.animation('.slide', [function() {
 *   return {
 *     // make note that other events (like addClass/removeClass)
 *     // have different function input parameters
 *     enter: function(element, doneFn) {
 *       jQuery(element).fadeIn(1000, doneFn);
 *
 *       // remember to call doneFn so that AngularJS
 *       // knows that the animation has concluded
 *     },
 *
 *     move: function(element, doneFn) {
 *       jQuery(element).fadeIn(1000, doneFn);
 *     },
 *
 *     leave: function(element, doneFn) {
 *       jQuery(element).fadeOut(1000, doneFn);
 *     }
 *   }
 * }]);
 * ```
 *
 * The nice thing about JS-based animations is that we can inject other services and make use of advanced animation libraries such as
 * greensock.js and velocity.js.
 *
 * If our animation code class-based (meaning that something like `ngClass`, `ngHide` and `ngShow` triggers it) then we can still define
 * our animations inside of the same registered animation, however, the function input arguments are a bit different:
 *
 * ```html
 * <div ng-class="color" class="colorful">
 *   this box is moody
 * </div>
 * <button ng-click="color='red'">Change to red</button>
 * <button ng-click="color='blue'">Change to blue</button>
 * <button ng-click="color='green'">Change to green</button>
 * ```
 *
 * ```js
 * myModule.animation('.colorful', [function() {
 *   return {
 *     addClass: function(element, className, doneFn) {
 *       // do some cool animation and call the doneFn
 *     },
 *     removeClass: function(element, className, doneFn) {
 *       // do some cool animation and call the doneFn
 *     },
 *     setClass: function(element, addedClass, removedClass, doneFn) {
 *       // do some cool animation and call the doneFn
 *     }
 *   }
 * }]);
 * ```
 *
 * ## CSS + JS Animations Together
 *
 * AngularJS 1.4 and higher has taken steps to make the amalgamation of CSS and JS animations more flexible. However, unlike earlier versions of AngularJS,
 * defining CSS and JS animations to work off of the same CSS class will not work anymore. Therefore the example below will only result in **JS animations taking
 * charge of the animation**:
 *
 * ```html
 * <div ng-if="bool" class="slide">
 *   Slide in and out
 * </div>
 * ```
 *
 * ```js
 * myModule.animation('.slide', [function() {
 *   return {
 *     enter: function(element, doneFn) {
 *       jQuery(element).slideIn(1000, doneFn);
 *     }
 *   }
 * }]);
 * ```
 *
 * ```css
 * .slide.ng-enter {
 *   transition:0.5s linear all;
 *   transform:translateY(-100px);
 * }
 * .slide.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
 *   transform:translateY(0);
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Does this mean that CSS and JS animations cannot be used together? Do JS-based animations always have higher priority? We can make up for the
 * lack of CSS animations by using the `$animateCss` service to trigger our own tweaked-out, CSS-based animations directly from
 * our own JS-based animation code:
 *
 * ```js
 * myModule.animation('.slide', ['$animateCss', function($animateCss) {
 *   return {
 *     enter: function(element) {
*        // this will trigger `.slide.ng-enter` and `.slide.ng-enter-active`.
 *       return $animateCss(element, {
 *         event: 'enter',
 *         structural: true
 *       });
 *     }
 *   }
 * }]);
 * ```
 *
 * The nice thing here is that we can save bandwidth by sticking to our CSS-based animation code and we don't need to rely on a 3rd-party animation framework.
 *
 * The `$animateCss` service is very powerful since we can feed in all kinds of extra properties that will be evaluated and fed into a CSS transition or
 * keyframe animation. For example if we wanted to animate the height of an element while adding and removing classes then we can do so by providing that
 * data into `$animateCss` directly:
 *
 * ```js
 * myModule.animation('.slide', ['$animateCss', function($animateCss) {
 *   return {
 *     enter: function(element) {
 *       return $animateCss(element, {
 *         event: 'enter',
 *         structural: true,
 *         addClass: 'maroon-setting',
 *         from: { height:0 },
 *         to: { height: 200 }
 *       });
 *     }
 *   }
 * }]);
 * ```
 *
 * Now we can fill in the rest via our transition CSS code:
 *
 * ```css
 * /&#42; the transition tells ngAnimate to make the animation happen &#42;/
 * .slide.ng-enter { transition:0.5s linear all; }
 *
 * /&#42; this extra CSS class will be absorbed into the transition
 * since the $animateCss code is adding the class &#42;/
 * .maroon-setting { background:red; }
 * ```
 *
 * And `$animateCss` will figure out the rest. Just make sure to have the `done()` callback fire the `doneFn` function to signal when the animation is over.
 *
 * To learn more about what's possible be sure to visit the {@link ngAnimate.$animateCss $animateCss service}.
 *
 * ## Animation Anchoring (via `ng-animate-ref`)
 *
 * ngAnimate in AngularJS 1.4 comes packed with the ability to cross-animate elements between
 * structural areas of an application (like views) by pairing up elements using an attribute
 * called `ng-animate-ref`.
 *
 * Let's say for example we have two views that are managed by `ng-view` and we want to show
 * that there is a relationship between two components situated in within these views. By using the
 * `ng-animate-ref` attribute we can identify that the two components are paired together and we
 * can then attach an animation, which is triggered when the view changes.
 *
 * Say for example we have the following template code:
 *
 * ```html
 * <!-- index.html -->
 * <div ng-view class="view-animation">
 * </div>
 *
 * <!-- home.html -->
 * <a href="#/banner-page">
 *   <img src="./banner.jpg" class="banner" ng-animate-ref="banner">
 * </a>
 *
 * <!-- banner-page.html -->
 * <img src="./banner.jpg" class="banner" ng-animate-ref="banner">
 * ```
 *
 * Now, when the view changes (once the link is clicked), ngAnimate will examine the
 * HTML contents to see if there is a match reference between any components in the view
 * that is leaving and the view that is entering. It will scan both the view which is being
 * removed (leave) and inserted (enter) to see if there are any paired DOM elements that
 * contain a matching ref value.
 *
 * The two images match since they share the same ref value. ngAnimate will now create a
 * transport element (which is a clone of the first image element) and it will then attempt
 * to animate to the position of the second image element in the next view. For the animation to
 * work a special CSS class called `ng-anchor` will be added to the transported element.
 *
 * We can now attach a transition onto the `.banner.ng-anchor` CSS class and then
 * ngAnimate will handle the entire transition for us as well as the addition and removal of
 * any changes of CSS classes between the elements:
 *
 * ```css
 * .banner.ng-anchor {
 *   /&#42; this animation will last for 1 second since there are
 *          two phases to the animation (an `in` and an `out` phase) &#42;/
 *   transition:0.5s linear all;
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * We also **must** include animations for the views that are being entered and removed
 * (otherwise anchoring wouldn't be possible since the new view would be inserted right away).
 *
 * ```css
 * .view-animation.ng-enter, .view-animation.ng-leave {
 *   transition:0.5s linear all;
 *   position:fixed;
 *   left:0;
 *   top:0;
 *   width:100%;
 * }
 * .view-animation.ng-enter {
 *   transform:translateX(100%);
 * }
 * .view-animation.ng-leave,
 * .view-animation.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
 *   transform:translateX(0%);
 * }
 * .view-animation.ng-leave.ng-leave-active {
 *   transform:translateX(-100%);
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Now we can jump back to the anchor animation. When the animation happens, there are two stages that occur:
 * an `out` and an `in` stage. The `out` stage happens first and that is when the element is animated away
 * from its origin. Once that animation is over then the `in` stage occurs which animates the
 * element to its destination. The reason why there are two animations is to give enough time
 * for the enter animation on the new element to be ready.
 *
 * The example above sets up a transition for both the in and out phases, but we can also target the out or
 * in phases directly via `ng-anchor-out` and `ng-anchor-in`.
 *
 * ```css
 * .banner.ng-anchor-out {
 *   transition: 0.5s linear all;
 *
 *   /&#42; the scale will be applied during the out animation,
 *          but will be animated away when the in animation runs &#42;/
 *   transform: scale(1.2);
 * }
 *
 * .banner.ng-anchor-in {
 *   transition: 1s linear all;
 * }
 * ```
 *
 *
 *
 *
 * ### Anchoring Demo
 *
  <example module="anchoringExample"
           name="anchoringExample"
           id="anchoringExample"
           deps="angular-animate.js;angular-route.js"
           animations="true">
    <file name="index.html">
      <a href="#!/">Home</a>
      <hr />
      <div class="view-container">
        <div ng-view class="view"></div>
      </div>
    </file>
    <file name="script.js">
      angular.module('anchoringExample', ['ngAnimate', 'ngRoute'])
        .config(['$routeProvider', function($routeProvider) {
          $routeProvider.when('/', {
            templateUrl: 'home.html',
            controller: 'HomeController as home'
          });
          $routeProvider.when('/profile/:id', {
            templateUrl: 'profile.html',
            controller: 'ProfileController as profile'
          });
        }])
        .run(['$rootScope', function($rootScope) {
          $rootScope.records = [
            { id: 1, title: 'Miss Beulah Roob' },
            { id: 2, title: 'Trent Morissette' },
            { id: 3, title: 'Miss Ava Pouros' },
            { id: 4, title: 'Rod Pouros' },
            { id: 5, title: 'Abdul Rice' },
            { id: 6, title: 'Laurie Rutherford Sr.' },
            { id: 7, title: 'Nakia McLaughlin' },
            { id: 8, title: 'Jordon Blanda DVM' },
            { id: 9, title: 'Rhoda Hand' },
            { id: 10, title: 'Alexandrea Sauer' }
          ];
        }])
        .controller('HomeController', [function() {
          //empty
        }])
        .controller('ProfileController', ['$rootScope', '$routeParams',
            function ProfileController($rootScope, $routeParams) {
          var index = parseInt($routeParams.id, 10);
          var record = $rootScope.records[index - 1];

          this.title = record.title;
          this.id = record.id;
        }]);
    </file>
    <file name="home.html">
      <h2>Welcome to the home page</h1>
      <p>Please click on an element</p>
      <a class="record"
         ng-href="#!/profile/{{ record.id }}"
         ng-animate-ref="{{ record.id }}"
         ng-repeat="record in records">
        {{ record.title }}
      </a>
    </file>
    <file name="profile.html">
      <div class="profile record" ng-animate-ref="{{ profile.id }}">
        {{ profile.title }}
      </div>
    </file>
    <file name="animations.css">
      .record {
        display:block;
        font-size:20px;
      }
      .profile {
        background:black;
        color:white;
        font-size:100px;
      }
      .view-container {
        position:relative;
      }
      .view-container > .view.ng-animate {
        position:absolute;
        top:0;
        left:0;
        width:100%;
        min-height:500px;
      }
      .view.ng-enter, .view.ng-leave,
      .record.ng-anchor {
        transition:0.5s linear all;
      }
      .view.ng-enter {
        transform:translateX(100%);
      }
      .view.ng-enter.ng-enter-active, .view.ng-leave {
        transform:translateX(0%);
      }
      .view.ng-leave.ng-leave-active {
        transform:translateX(-100%);
      }
      .record.ng-anchor-out {
        background:red;
      }
    </file>
  </example>
 *
 * ### How is the element transported?
 *
 * When an anchor animation occurs, ngAnimate will clone the starting element and position it exactly where the starting
 * element is located on screen via absolute positioning. The cloned element will be placed inside of the root element
 * of the application (where ng-app was defined) and all of the CSS classes of the starting element will be applied. The
 * element will then animate into the `out` and `in` animations and will eventually reach the coordinates and match
 * the dimensions of the destination element. During the entire animation a CSS class of `.ng-animate-shim` will be applied
 * to both the starting and destination elements in order to hide them from being visible (the CSS styling for the class
 * is: `visibility:hidden`). Once the anchor reaches its destination then it will be removed and the destination element
 * will become visible since the shim class will be removed.
 *
 * ### How is the morphing handled?
 *
 * CSS Anchoring relies on transitions and keyframes and the internal code is intelligent enough to figure out
 * what CSS classes differ between the starting element and the destination element. These different CSS classes
 * will be added/removed on the anchor element and a transition will be applied (the transition that is provided
 * in the anchor class). Long story short, ngAnimate will figure out what classes to add and remove which will
 * make the transition of the element as smooth and automatic as possible. Be sure to use simple CSS classes that
 * do not rely on DOM nesting structure so that the anchor element appears the same as the starting element (since
 * the cloned element is placed inside of root element which is likely close to the body element).
 *
 * Note that if the root element is on the `<html>` element then the cloned node will be placed inside of body.
 *
 *
 * ## Using $animate in your directive code
 *
 * So far we've explored how to feed in animations into an AngularJS application, but how do we trigger animations within our own directives in our application?
 * By injecting the `$animate` service into our directive code, we can trigger structural and class-based hooks which can then be consumed by animations. Let's
 * imagine we have a greeting box that shows and hides itself when the data changes
 *
 * ```html
 * <greeting-box active="onOrOff">Hi there</greeting-box>
 * ```
 *
 * ```js
 * ngModule.directive('greetingBox', ['$animate', function($animate) {
 *   return function(scope, element, attrs) {
 *     attrs.$observe('active', function(value) {
 *       value ? $animate.addClass(element, 'on') : $animate.removeClass(element, 'on');
 *     });
 *   });
 * }]);
 * ```
 *
 * Now the `on` CSS class is added and removed on the greeting box component. Now if we add a CSS class on top of the greeting box element
 * in our HTML code then we can trigger a CSS or JS animation to happen.
 *
 * ```css
 * /&#42; normally we would create a CSS class to reference on the element &#42;/
 * greeting-box.on { transition:0.5s linear all; background:green; color:white; }
 * ```
 *
 * The `$animate` service contains a variety of other methods like `enter`, `leave`, `animate` and `setClass`. To learn more about what's
 * possible be sure to visit the {@link ng.$animate $animate service API page}.
 *
 *
 * ## Callbacks and Promises
 *
 * When `$animate` is called it returns a promise that can be used to capture when the animation has ended. Therefore if we were to trigger
 * an animation (within our directive code) then we can continue performing directive and scope related activities after the animation has
 * ended by chaining onto the returned promise that animation method returns.
 *
 * ```js
 * // somewhere within the depths of the directive
 * $animate.enter(element, parent).then(function() {
 *   //the animation has completed
 * });
 * ```
 *
 * (Note that earlier versions of AngularJS prior to v1.4 required the promise code to be wrapped using `$scope.$apply(...)`. This is not the case
 * anymore.)
 *
 * In addition to the animation promise, we can also make use of animation-related callbacks within our directives and controller code by registering
 * an event listener using the `$animate` service. Let's say for example that an animation was triggered on our view
 * routing controller to hook into that:
 *
 * ```js
 * ngModule.controller('HomePageController', ['$animate', function($animate) {
 *   $animate.on('enter', ngViewElement, function(element) {
 *     // the animation for this route has completed
 *   }]);
 * }])
 * ```
 *
 * (Note that you will need to trigger a digest within the callback to get AngularJS to notice any scope-related changes.)
 */

var copy;
var extend;
var forEach;
var isArray;
var isDefined;
var isElement;
var isFunction;
var isObject;
var isString;
var isUndefined;
var jqLite;
var noop;

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $animate
 * @kind object
 *
 * @description
 * The ngAnimate `$animate` service documentation is the same for the core `$animate` service.
 *
 * Click here {@link ng.$animate to learn more about animations with `$animate`}.
 */
angular.module('ngAnimate', [], function initAngularHelpers() {
  // Access helpers from AngularJS core.
  // Do it inside a `config` block to ensure `window.angular` is available.
  noop        = angular.noop;
  copy        = angular.copy;
  extend      = angular.extend;
  jqLite      = angular.element;
  forEach     = angular.forEach;
  isArray     = angular.isArray;
  isString    = angular.isString;
  isObject    = angular.isObject;
  isUndefined = angular.isUndefined;
  isDefined   = angular.isDefined;
  isFunction  = angular.isFunction;
  isElement   = angular.isElement;
})
  .info({ angularVersion: '1.7.8' })
  .directive('ngAnimateSwap', ngAnimateSwapDirective)

  .directive('ngAnimateChildren', $$AnimateChildrenDirective)
  .factory('$$rAFScheduler', $$rAFSchedulerFactory)

  .provider('$$animateQueue', $$AnimateQueueProvider)
  .provider('$$animateCache', $$AnimateCacheProvider)
  .provider('$$animation', $$AnimationProvider)

  .provider('$animateCss', $AnimateCssProvider)
  .provider('$$animateCssDriver', $$AnimateCssDriverProvider)

  .provider('$$animateJs', $$AnimateJsProvider)
  .provider('$$animateJsDriver', $$AnimateJsDriverProvider);


})(window, window.angular);

/* global shallowCopy: true */

/**
 * Creates a shallow copy of an object, an array or a primitive.
 *
 * Assumes that there are no proto properties for objects.
 */
function shallowCopy(src, dst) {
  if (isArray(src)) {
    dst = dst || [];

    for (var i = 0, ii = src.length; i < ii; i++) {
      dst[i] = src[i];
    }
  } else if (isObject(src)) {
    dst = dst || {};

    for (var key in src) {
      if (!(key.charAt(0) === '$' && key.charAt(1) === '$')) {
        dst[key] = src[key];
      }
    }
  }

  return dst || src;
}

/* global routeToRegExp: true */

/**
 * @param {string} path - The path to parse. (It is assumed to have query and hash stripped off.)
 * @param {Object} opts - Options.
 * @return {Object} - An object containing an array of path parameter names (`keys`) and a regular
 *     expression (`regexp`) that can be used to identify a matching URL and extract the path
 *     parameter values.
 *
 * @description
 * Parses the given path, extracting path parameter names and a regular expression to match URLs.
 *
 * Originally inspired by `pathRexp` in `visionmedia/express/lib/utils.js`.
 */
function routeToRegExp(path, opts) {
  var keys = [];

  var pattern = path
    .replace(/([().])/g, '\\$1')
    .replace(/(\/)?:(\w+)(\*\?|[?*])?/g, function(_, slash, key, option) {
      var optional = option === '?' || option === '*?';
      var star = option === '*' || option === '*?';
      keys.push({name: key, optional: optional});
      slash = slash || '';
      return (
        (optional ? '(?:' + slash : slash + '(?:') +
        (star ? '(.+?)' : '([^/]+)') +
        (optional ? '?)?' : ')')
      );
    })
    .replace(/([/$*])/g, '\\$1');

  if (opts.ignoreTrailingSlashes) {
    pattern = pattern.replace(/\/+$/, '') + '/*';
  }

  return {
    keys: keys,
    regexp: new RegExp(
      '^' + pattern + '(?:[?#]|$)',
      opts.caseInsensitiveMatch ? 'i' : ''
    )
  };
}

/* global routeToRegExp: false */
/* global shallowCopy: false */

// `isArray` and `isObject` are necessary for `shallowCopy()` (included via `src/shallowCopy.js`).
// They are initialized inside the `$RouteProvider`, to ensure `window.angular` is available.
var isArray;
var isObject;
var isDefined;
var noop;

/**
 * @ngdoc module
 * @name ngRoute
 * @description
 *
 * The `ngRoute` module provides routing and deeplinking services and directives for AngularJS apps.
 *
 * ## Example
 * See {@link ngRoute.$route#examples $route} for an example of configuring and using `ngRoute`.
 *
 */
/* global -ngRouteModule */
var ngRouteModule = angular.
  module('ngRoute', []).
  info({ angularVersion: '1.7.8' }).
  provider('$route', $RouteProvider).
  // Ensure `$route` will be instantiated in time to capture the initial `$locationChangeSuccess`
  // event (unless explicitly disabled). This is necessary in case `ngView` is included in an
  // asynchronously loaded template.
  run(instantiateRoute);
var $routeMinErr = angular.$$minErr('ngRoute');
var isEagerInstantiationEnabled;


/**
 * @ngdoc provider
 * @name $routeProvider
 * @this
 *
 * @description
 *
 * Used for configuring routes.
 *
 * ## Example
 * See {@link ngRoute.$route#examples $route} for an example of configuring and using `ngRoute`.
 *
 * ## Dependencies
 * Requires the {@link ngRoute `ngRoute`} module to be installed.
 */
function $RouteProvider() {
  isArray = angular.isArray;
  isObject = angular.isObject;
  isDefined = angular.isDefined;
  noop = angular.noop;

  function inherit(parent, extra) {
    return angular.extend(Object.create(parent), extra);
  }

  var routes = {};

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $routeProvider#when
   *
   * @param {string} path Route path (matched against `$location.path`). If `$location.path`
   *    contains redundant trailing slash or is missing one, the route will still match and the
   *    `$location.path` will be updated to add or drop the trailing slash to exactly match the
   *    route definition.
   *
   *    * `path` can contain named groups starting with a colon: e.g. `:name`. All characters up
   *        to the next slash are matched and stored in `$routeParams` under the given `name`
   *        when the route matches.
   *    * `path` can contain named groups starting with a colon and ending with a star:
   *        e.g.`:name*`. All characters are eagerly stored in `$routeParams` under the given `name`
   *        when the route matches.
   *    * `path` can contain optional named groups with a question mark: e.g.`:name?`.
   *
   *    For example, routes like `/color/:color/largecode/:largecode*\/edit` will match
   *    `/color/brown/largecode/code/with/slashes/edit` and extract:
   *
   *    * `color: brown`
   *    * `largecode: code/with/slashes`.
   *
   *
   * @param {Object} route Mapping information to be assigned to `$route.current` on route
   *    match.
   *
   *    Object properties:
   *
   *    - `controller` – `{(string|Function)=}` – Controller fn that should be associated with
   *      newly created scope or the name of a {@link angular.Module#controller registered
   *      controller} if passed as a string.
   *    - `controllerAs` – `{string=}` – An identifier name for a reference to the controller.
   *      If present, the controller will be published to scope under the `controllerAs` name.
   *    - `template` – `{(string|Function)=}` – html template as a string or a function that
   *      returns an html template as a string which should be used by {@link
   *      ngRoute.directive:ngView ngView} or {@link ng.directive:ngInclude ngInclude} directives.
   *      This property takes precedence over `templateUrl`.
   *
   *      If `template` is a function, it will be called with the following parameters:
   *
   *      - `{Array.<Object>}` - route parameters extracted from the current
   *        `$location.path()` by applying the current route
   *
   *      One of `template` or `templateUrl` is required.
   *
   *    - `templateUrl` – `{(string|Function)=}` – path or function that returns a path to an html
   *      template that should be used by {@link ngRoute.directive:ngView ngView}.
   *
   *      If `templateUrl` is a function, it will be called with the following parameters:
   *
   *      - `{Array.<Object>}` - route parameters extracted from the current
   *        `$location.path()` by applying the current route
   *
   *      One of `templateUrl` or `template` is required.
   *
   *    - `resolve` - `{Object.<string, Function>=}` - An optional map of dependencies which should
   *      be injected into the controller. If any of these dependencies are promises, the router
   *      will wait for them all to be resolved or one to be rejected before the controller is
   *      instantiated.
   *      If all the promises are resolved successfully, the values of the resolved promises are
   *      injected and {@link ngRoute.$route#$routeChangeSuccess $routeChangeSuccess} event is
   *      fired. If any of the promises are rejected the
   *      {@link ngRoute.$route#$routeChangeError $routeChangeError} event is fired.
   *      For easier access to the resolved dependencies from the template, the `resolve` map will
   *      be available on the scope of the route, under `$resolve` (by default) or a custom name
   *      specified by the `resolveAs` property (see below). This can be particularly useful, when
   *      working with {@link angular.Module#component components} as route templates.<br />
   *      <div class="alert alert-warning">
   *        **Note:** If your scope already contains a property with this name, it will be hidden
   *        or overwritten. Make sure, you specify an appropriate name for this property, that
   *        does not collide with other properties on the scope.
   *      </div>
   *      The map object is:
   *
   *      - `key` – `{string}`: a name of a dependency to be injected into the controller.
   *      - `factory` - `{string|Function}`: If `string` then it is an alias for a service.
   *        Otherwise if function, then it is {@link auto.$injector#invoke injected}
   *        and the return value is treated as the dependency. If the result is a promise, it is
   *        resolved before its value is injected into the controller. Be aware that
   *        `ngRoute.$routeParams` will still refer to the previous route within these resolve
   *        functions.  Use `$route.current.params` to access the new route parameters, instead.
   *
   *    - `resolveAs` - `{string=}` - The name under which the `resolve` map will be available on
   *      the scope of the route. If omitted, defaults to `$resolve`.
   *
   *    - `redirectTo` – `{(string|Function)=}` – value to update
   *      {@link ng.$location $location} path with and trigger route redirection.
   *
   *      If `redirectTo` is a function, it will be called with the following parameters:
   *
   *      - `{Object.<string>}` - route parameters extracted from the current
   *        `$location.path()` by applying the current route templateUrl.
   *      - `{string}` - current `$location.path()`
   *      - `{Object}` - current `$location.search()`
   *
   *      The custom `redirectTo` function is expected to return a string which will be used
   *      to update `$location.url()`. If the function throws an error, no further processing will
   *      take place and the {@link ngRoute.$route#$routeChangeError $routeChangeError} event will
   *      be fired.
   *
   *      Routes that specify `redirectTo` will not have their controllers, template functions
   *      or resolves called, the `$location` will be changed to the redirect url and route
   *      processing will stop. The exception to this is if the `redirectTo` is a function that
   *      returns `undefined`. In this case the route transition occurs as though there was no
   *      redirection.
   *
   *    - `resolveRedirectTo` – `{Function=}` – a function that will (eventually) return the value
   *      to update {@link ng.$location $location} URL with and trigger route redirection. In
   *      contrast to `redirectTo`, dependencies can be injected into `resolveRedirectTo` and the
   *      return value can be either a string or a promise that will be resolved to a string.
   *
   *      Similar to `redirectTo`, if the return value is `undefined` (or a promise that gets
   *      resolved to `undefined`), no redirection takes place and the route transition occurs as
   *      though there was no redirection.
   *
   *      If the function throws an error or the returned promise gets rejected, no further
   *      processing will take place and the
   *      {@link ngRoute.$route#$routeChangeError $routeChangeError} event will be fired.
   *
   *      `redirectTo` takes precedence over `resolveRedirectTo`, so specifying both on the same
   *      route definition, will cause the latter to be ignored.
   *
   *    - `[reloadOnUrl=true]` - `{boolean=}` - reload route when any part of the URL changes
   *      (including the path) even if the new URL maps to the same route.
   *
   *      If the option is set to `false` and the URL in the browser changes, but the new URL maps
   *      to the same route, then a `$routeUpdate` event is broadcasted on the root scope (without
   *      reloading the route).
   *
   *    - `[reloadOnSearch=true]` - `{boolean=}` - reload route when only `$location.search()`
   *      or `$location.hash()` changes.
   *
   *      If the option is set to `false` and the URL in the browser changes, then a `$routeUpdate`
   *      event is broadcasted on the root scope (without reloading the route).
   *
   *      <div class="alert alert-warning">
   *        **Note:** This option has no effect if `reloadOnUrl` is set to `false`.
   *      </div>
   *
   *    - `[caseInsensitiveMatch=false]` - `{boolean=}` - match routes without being case sensitive
   *
   *      If the option is set to `true`, then the particular route can be matched without being
   *      case sensitive
   *
   * @returns {Object} self
   *
   * @description
   * Adds a new route definition to the `$route` service.
   */
  this.when = function(path, route) {
    //copy original route object to preserve params inherited from proto chain
    var routeCopy = shallowCopy(route);
    if (angular.isUndefined(routeCopy.reloadOnUrl)) {
      routeCopy.reloadOnUrl = true;
    }
    if (angular.isUndefined(routeCopy.reloadOnSearch)) {
      routeCopy.reloadOnSearch = true;
    }
    if (angular.isUndefined(routeCopy.caseInsensitiveMatch)) {
      routeCopy.caseInsensitiveMatch = this.caseInsensitiveMatch;
    }
    routes[path] = angular.extend(
      routeCopy,
      {originalPath: path},
      path && routeToRegExp(path, routeCopy)
    );

    // create redirection for trailing slashes
    if (path) {
      var redirectPath = (path[path.length - 1] === '/')
            ? path.substr(0, path.length - 1)
            : path + '/';

      routes[redirectPath] = angular.extend(
        {originalPath: path, redirectTo: path},
        routeToRegExp(redirectPath, routeCopy)
      );
    }

    return this;
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc property
   * @name $routeProvider#caseInsensitiveMatch
   * @description
   *
   * A boolean property indicating if routes defined
   * using this provider should be matched using a case insensitive
   * algorithm. Defaults to `false`.
   */
  this.caseInsensitiveMatch = false;

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $routeProvider#otherwise
   *
   * @description
   * Sets route definition that will be used on route change when no other route definition
   * is matched.
   *
   * @param {Object|string} params Mapping information to be assigned to `$route.current`.
   * If called with a string, the value maps to `redirectTo`.
   * @returns {Object} self
   */
  this.otherwise = function(params) {
    if (typeof params === 'string') {
      params = {redirectTo: params};
    }
    this.when(null, params);
    return this;
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $routeProvider#eagerInstantiationEnabled
   * @kind function
   *
   * @description
   * Call this method as a setter to enable/disable eager instantiation of the
   * {@link ngRoute.$route $route} service upon application bootstrap. You can also call it as a
   * getter (i.e. without any arguments) to get the current value of the
   * `eagerInstantiationEnabled` flag.
   *
   * Instantiating `$route` early is necessary for capturing the initial
   * {@link ng.$location#$locationChangeStart $locationChangeStart} event and navigating to the
   * appropriate route. Usually, `$route` is instantiated in time by the
   * {@link ngRoute.ngView ngView} directive. Yet, in cases where `ngView` is included in an
   * asynchronously loaded template (e.g. in another directive's template), the directive factory
   * might not be called soon enough for `$route` to be instantiated _before_ the initial
   * `$locationChangeSuccess` event is fired. Eager instantiation ensures that `$route` is always
   * instantiated in time, regardless of when `ngView` will be loaded.
   *
   * The default value is true.
   *
   * **Note**:<br />
   * You may want to disable the default behavior when unit-testing modules that depend on
   * `ngRoute`, in order to avoid an unexpected request for the default route's template.
   *
   * @param {boolean=} enabled - If provided, update the internal `eagerInstantiationEnabled` flag.
   *
   * @returns {*} The current value of the `eagerInstantiationEnabled` flag if used as a getter or
   *     itself (for chaining) if used as a setter.
   */
  isEagerInstantiationEnabled = true;
  this.eagerInstantiationEnabled = function eagerInstantiationEnabled(enabled) {
    if (isDefined(enabled)) {
      isEagerInstantiationEnabled = enabled;
      return this;
    }

    return isEagerInstantiationEnabled;
  };


  this.$get = ['$rootScope',
               '$location',
               '$routeParams',
               '$q',
               '$injector',
               '$templateRequest',
               '$sce',
               '$browser',
      function($rootScope, $location, $routeParams, $q, $injector, $templateRequest, $sce, $browser) {

    /**
     * @ngdoc service
     * @name $route
     * @requires $location
     * @requires $routeParams
     *
     * @property {Object} current Reference to the current route definition.
     * The route definition contains:
     *
     *   - `controller`: The controller constructor as defined in the route definition.
     *   - `locals`: A map of locals which is used by {@link ng.$controller $controller} service for
     *     controller instantiation. The `locals` contain
     *     the resolved values of the `resolve` map. Additionally the `locals` also contain:
     *
     *     - `$scope` - The current route scope.
     *     - `$template` - The current route template HTML.
     *
     *     The `locals` will be assigned to the route scope's `$resolve` property. You can override
     *     the property name, using `resolveAs` in the route definition. See
     *     {@link ngRoute.$routeProvider $routeProvider} for more info.
     *
     * @property {Object} routes Object with all route configuration Objects as its properties.
     *
     * @description
     * `$route` is used for deep-linking URLs to controllers and views (HTML partials).
     * It watches `$location.url()` and tries to map the path to an existing route definition.
     *
     * Requires the {@link ngRoute `ngRoute`} module to be installed.
     *
     * You can define routes through {@link ngRoute.$routeProvider $routeProvider}'s API.
     *
     * The `$route` service is typically used in conjunction with the
     * {@link ngRoute.directive:ngView `ngView`} directive and the
     * {@link ngRoute.$routeParams `$routeParams`} service.
     *
     * @example
     * This example shows how changing the URL hash causes the `$route` to match a route against the
     * URL, and the `ngView` pulls in the partial.
     *
     * <example name="$route-service" module="ngRouteExample"
     *          deps="angular-route.js" fixBase="true">
     *   <file name="index.html">
     *     <div ng-controller="MainController">
     *       Choose:
     *       <a href="Book/Moby">Moby</a> |
     *       <a href="Book/Moby/ch/1">Moby: Ch1</a> |
     *       <a href="Book/Gatsby">Gatsby</a> |
     *       <a href="Book/Gatsby/ch/4?key=value">Gatsby: Ch4</a> |
     *       <a href="Book/Scarlet">Scarlet Letter</a><br/>
     *
     *       <div ng-view></div>
     *
     *       <hr />
     *
     *       <pre>$location.path() = {{$location.path()}}</pre>
     *       <pre>$route.current.templateUrl = {{$route.current.templateUrl}}</pre>
     *       <pre>$route.current.params = {{$route.current.params}}</pre>
     *       <pre>$route.current.scope.name = {{$route.current.scope.name}}</pre>
     *       <pre>$routeParams = {{$routeParams}}</pre>
     *     </div>
     *   </file>
     *
     *   <file name="book.html">
     *     controller: {{name}}<br />
     *     Book Id: {{params.bookId}}<br />
     *   </file>
     *
     *   <file name="chapter.html">
     *     controller: {{name}}<br />
     *     Book Id: {{params.bookId}}<br />
     *     Chapter Id: {{params.chapterId}}
     *   </file>
     *
     *   <file name="script.js">
     *     angular.module('ngRouteExample', ['ngRoute'])
     *
     *      .controller('MainController', function($scope, $route, $routeParams, $location) {
     *          $scope.$route = $route;
     *          $scope.$location = $location;
     *          $scope.$routeParams = $routeParams;
     *      })
     *
     *      .controller('BookController', function($scope, $routeParams) {
     *          $scope.name = 'BookController';
     *          $scope.params = $routeParams;
     *      })
     *
     *      .controller('ChapterController', function($scope, $routeParams) {
     *          $scope.name = 'ChapterController';
     *          $scope.params = $routeParams;
     *      })
     *
     *     .config(function($routeProvider, $locationProvider) {
     *       $routeProvider
     *        .when('/Book/:bookId', {
     *         templateUrl: 'book.html',
     *         controller: 'BookController',
     *         resolve: {
     *           // I will cause a 1 second delay
     *           delay: function($q, $timeout) {
     *             var delay = $q.defer();
     *             $timeout(delay.resolve, 1000);
     *             return delay.promise;
     *           }
     *         }
     *       })
     *       .when('/Book/:bookId/ch/:chapterId', {
     *         templateUrl: 'chapter.html',
     *         controller: 'ChapterController'
     *       });
     *
     *       // configure html5 to get links working on jsfiddle
     *       $locationProvider.html5Mode(true);
     *     });
     *
     *   </file>
     *
     *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
     *     it('should load and compile correct template', function() {
     *       element(by.linkText('Moby: Ch1')).click();
     *       var content = element(by.css('[ng-view]')).getText();
     *       expect(content).toMatch(/controller: ChapterController/);
     *       expect(content).toMatch(/Book Id: Moby/);
     *       expect(content).toMatch(/Chapter Id: 1/);
     *
     *       element(by.partialLinkText('Scarlet')).click();
     *
     *       content = element(by.css('[ng-view]')).getText();
     *       expect(content).toMatch(/controller: BookController/);
     *       expect(content).toMatch(/Book Id: Scarlet/);
     *     });
     *   </file>
     * </example>
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc event
     * @name $route#$routeChangeStart
     * @eventType broadcast on root scope
     * @description
     * Broadcasted before a route change. At this  point the route services starts
     * resolving all of the dependencies needed for the route change to occur.
     * Typically this involves fetching the view template as well as any dependencies
     * defined in `resolve` route property. Once  all of the dependencies are resolved
     * `$routeChangeSuccess` is fired.
     *
     * The route change (and the `$location` change that triggered it) can be prevented
     * by calling `preventDefault` method of the event. See {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on}
     * for more details about event object.
     *
     * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
     * @param {Route} next Future route information.
     * @param {Route} current Current route information.
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc event
     * @name $route#$routeChangeSuccess
     * @eventType broadcast on root scope
     * @description
     * Broadcasted after a route change has happened successfully.
     * The `resolve` dependencies are now available in the `current.locals` property.
     *
     * {@link ngRoute.directive:ngView ngView} listens for the directive
     * to instantiate the controller and render the view.
     *
     * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
     * @param {Route} current Current route information.
     * @param {Route|Undefined} previous Previous route information, or undefined if current is
     * first route entered.
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc event
     * @name $route#$routeChangeError
     * @eventType broadcast on root scope
     * @description
     * Broadcasted if a redirection function fails or any redirection or resolve promises are
     * rejected.
     *
     * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object
     * @param {Route} current Current route information.
     * @param {Route} previous Previous route information.
     * @param {Route} rejection The thrown error or the rejection reason of the promise. Usually
     * the rejection reason is the error that caused the promise to get rejected.
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc event
     * @name $route#$routeUpdate
     * @eventType broadcast on root scope
     * @description
     * Broadcasted if the same instance of a route (including template, controller instance,
     * resolved dependencies, etc.) is being reused. This can happen if either `reloadOnSearch` or
     * `reloadOnUrl` has been set to `false`.
     *
     * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object
     * @param {Route} current Current/previous route information.
     */

    var forceReload = false,
        preparedRoute,
        preparedRouteIsUpdateOnly,
        $route = {
          routes: routes,

          /**
           * @ngdoc method
           * @name $route#reload
           *
           * @description
           * Causes `$route` service to reload the current route even if
           * {@link ng.$location $location} hasn't changed.
           *
           * As a result of that, {@link ngRoute.directive:ngView ngView}
           * creates new scope and reinstantiates the controller.
           */
          reload: function() {
            forceReload = true;

            var fakeLocationEvent = {
              defaultPrevented: false,
              preventDefault: function fakePreventDefault() {
                this.defaultPrevented = true;
                forceReload = false;
              }
            };

            $rootScope.$evalAsync(function() {
              prepareRoute(fakeLocationEvent);
              if (!fakeLocationEvent.defaultPrevented) commitRoute();
            });
          },

          /**
           * @ngdoc method
           * @name $route#updateParams
           *
           * @description
           * Causes `$route` service to update the current URL, replacing
           * current route parameters with those specified in `newParams`.
           * Provided property names that match the route's path segment
           * definitions will be interpolated into the location's path, while
           * remaining properties will be treated as query params.
           *
           * @param {!Object<string, string>} newParams mapping of URL parameter names to values
           */
          updateParams: function(newParams) {
            if (this.current && this.current.$$route) {
              newParams = angular.extend({}, this.current.params, newParams);
              $location.path(interpolate(this.current.$$route.originalPath, newParams));
              // interpolate modifies newParams, only query params are left
              $location.search(newParams);
            } else {
              throw $routeMinErr('norout', 'Tried updating route with no current route');
            }
          }
        };

    $rootScope.$on('$locationChangeStart', prepareRoute);
    $rootScope.$on('$locationChangeSuccess', commitRoute);

    return $route;

    /////////////////////////////////////////////////////

    /**
     * @param on {string} current url
     * @param route {Object} route regexp to match the url against
     * @return {?Object}
     *
     * @description
     * Check if the route matches the current url.
     *
     * Inspired by match in
     * visionmedia/express/lib/router/router.js.
     */
    function switchRouteMatcher(on, route) {
      var keys = route.keys,
          params = {};

      if (!route.regexp) return null;

      var m = route.regexp.exec(on);
      if (!m) return null;

      for (var i = 1, len = m.length; i < len; ++i) {
        var key = keys[i - 1];

        var val = m[i];

        if (key && val) {
          params[key.name] = val;
        }
      }
      return params;
    }

    function prepareRoute($locationEvent) {
      var lastRoute = $route.current;

      preparedRoute = parseRoute();
      preparedRouteIsUpdateOnly = isNavigationUpdateOnly(preparedRoute, lastRoute);

      if (!preparedRouteIsUpdateOnly && (lastRoute || preparedRoute)) {
        if ($rootScope.$broadcast('$routeChangeStart', preparedRoute, lastRoute).defaultPrevented) {
          if ($locationEvent) {
            $locationEvent.preventDefault();
          }
        }
      }
    }

    function commitRoute() {
      var lastRoute = $route.current;
      var nextRoute = preparedRoute;

      if (preparedRouteIsUpdateOnly) {
        lastRoute.params = nextRoute.params;
        angular.copy(lastRoute.params, $routeParams);
        $rootScope.$broadcast('$routeUpdate', lastRoute);
      } else if (nextRoute || lastRoute) {
        forceReload = false;
        $route.current = nextRoute;

        var nextRoutePromise = $q.resolve(nextRoute);

        $browser.$$incOutstandingRequestCount('$route');

        nextRoutePromise.
          then(getRedirectionData).
          then(handlePossibleRedirection).
          then(function(keepProcessingRoute) {
            return keepProcessingRoute && nextRoutePromise.
              then(resolveLocals).
              then(function(locals) {
                // after route change
                if (nextRoute === $route.current) {
                  if (nextRoute) {
                    nextRoute.locals = locals;
                    angular.copy(nextRoute.params, $routeParams);
                  }
                  $rootScope.$broadcast('$routeChangeSuccess', nextRoute, lastRoute);
                }
              });
          }).catch(function(error) {
            if (nextRoute === $route.current) {
              $rootScope.$broadcast('$routeChangeError', nextRoute, lastRoute, error);
            }
          }).finally(function() {
            // Because `commitRoute()` is called from a `$rootScope.$evalAsync` block (see
            // `$locationWatch`), this `$$completeOutstandingRequest()` call will not cause
            // `outstandingRequestCount` to hit zero.  This is important in case we are redirecting
            // to a new route which also requires some asynchronous work.

            $browser.$$completeOutstandingRequest(noop, '$route');
          });
      }
    }

    function getRedirectionData(route) {
      var data = {
        route: route,
        hasRedirection: false
      };

      if (route) {
        if (route.redirectTo) {
          if (angular.isString(route.redirectTo)) {
            data.path = interpolate(route.redirectTo, route.params);
            data.search = route.params;
            data.hasRedirection = true;
          } else {
            var oldPath = $location.path();
            var oldSearch = $location.search();
            var newUrl = route.redirectTo(route.pathParams, oldPath, oldSearch);

            if (angular.isDefined(newUrl)) {
              data.url = newUrl;
              data.hasRedirection = true;
            }
          }
        } else if (route.resolveRedirectTo) {
          return $q.
            resolve($injector.invoke(route.resolveRedirectTo)).
            then(function(newUrl) {
              if (angular.isDefined(newUrl)) {
                data.url = newUrl;
                data.hasRedirection = true;
              }

              return data;
            });
        }
      }

      return data;
    }

    function handlePossibleRedirection(data) {
      var keepProcessingRoute = true;

      if (data.route !== $route.current) {
        keepProcessingRoute = false;
      } else if (data.hasRedirection) {
        var oldUrl = $location.url();
        var newUrl = data.url;

        if (newUrl) {
          $location.
            url(newUrl).
            replace();
        } else {
          newUrl = $location.
            path(data.path).
            search(data.search).
            replace().
            url();
        }

        if (newUrl !== oldUrl) {
          // Exit out and don't process current next value,
          // wait for next location change from redirect
          keepProcessingRoute = false;
        }
      }

      return keepProcessingRoute;
    }

    function resolveLocals(route) {
      if (route) {
        var locals = angular.extend({}, route.resolve);
        angular.forEach(locals, function(value, key) {
          locals[key] = angular.isString(value) ?
              $injector.get(value) :
              $injector.invoke(value, null, null, key);
        });
        var template = getTemplateFor(route);
        if (angular.isDefined(template)) {
          locals['$template'] = template;
        }
        return $q.all(locals);
      }
    }

    function getTemplateFor(route) {
      var template, templateUrl;
      if (angular.isDefined(template = route.template)) {
        if (angular.isFunction(template)) {
          template = template(route.params);
        }
      } else if (angular.isDefined(templateUrl = route.templateUrl)) {
        if (angular.isFunction(templateUrl)) {
          templateUrl = templateUrl(route.params);
        }
        if (angular.isDefined(templateUrl)) {
          route.loadedTemplateUrl = $sce.valueOf(templateUrl);
          template = $templateRequest(templateUrl);
        }
      }
      return template;
    }

    /**
     * @returns {Object} the current active route, by matching it against the URL
     */
    function parseRoute() {
      // Match a route
      var params, match;
      angular.forEach(routes, function(route, path) {
        if (!match && (params = switchRouteMatcher($location.path(), route))) {
          match = inherit(route, {
            params: angular.extend({}, $location.search(), params),
            pathParams: params});
          match.$$route = route;
        }
      });
      // No route matched; fallback to "otherwise" route
      return match || routes[null] && inherit(routes[null], {params: {}, pathParams:{}});
    }

    /**
     * @param {Object} newRoute - The new route configuration (as returned by `parseRoute()`).
     * @param {Object} oldRoute - The previous route configuration (as returned by `parseRoute()`).
     * @returns {boolean} Whether this is an "update-only" navigation, i.e. the URL maps to the same
     *                    route and it can be reused (based on the config and the type of change).
     */
    function isNavigationUpdateOnly(newRoute, oldRoute) {
      // IF this is not a forced reload
      return !forceReload
          // AND both `newRoute`/`oldRoute` are defined
          && newRoute && oldRoute
          // AND they map to the same Route Definition Object
          && (newRoute.$$route === oldRoute.$$route)
          // AND `reloadOnUrl` is disabled
          && (!newRoute.reloadOnUrl
              // OR `reloadOnSearch` is disabled
              || (!newRoute.reloadOnSearch
                  // AND both routes have the same path params
                  && angular.equals(newRoute.pathParams, oldRoute.pathParams)
              )
          );
    }

    /**
     * @returns {string} interpolation of the redirect path with the parameters
     */
    function interpolate(string, params) {
      var result = [];
      angular.forEach((string || '').split(':'), function(segment, i) {
        if (i === 0) {
          result.push(segment);
        } else {
          var segmentMatch = segment.match(/(\w+)(?:[?*])?(.*)/);
          var key = segmentMatch[1];
          result.push(params[key]);
          result.push(segmentMatch[2] || '');
          delete params[key];
        }
      });
      return result.join('');
    }
  }];
}

instantiateRoute.$inject = ['$injector'];
function instantiateRoute($injector) {
  if (isEagerInstantiationEnabled) {
    // Instantiate `$route`
    $injector.get('$route');
  }
}

ngRouteModule.provider('$routeParams', $RouteParamsProvider);


/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $routeParams
 * @requires $route
 * @this
 *
 * @description
 * The `$routeParams` service allows you to retrieve the current set of route parameters.
 *
 * Requires the {@link ngRoute `ngRoute`} module to be installed.
 *
 * The route parameters are a combination of {@link ng.$location `$location`}'s
 * {@link ng.$location#search `search()`} and {@link ng.$location#path `path()`}.
 * The `path` parameters are extracted when the {@link ngRoute.$route `$route`} path is matched.
 *
 * In case of parameter name collision, `path` params take precedence over `search` params.
 *
 * The service guarantees that the identity of the `$routeParams` object will remain unchanged
 * (but its properties will likely change) even when a route change occurs.
 *
 * Note that the `$routeParams` are only updated *after* a route change completes successfully.
 * This means that you cannot rely on `$routeParams` being correct in route resolve functions.
 * Instead you can use `$route.current.params` to access the new route's parameters.
 *
 * @example
 * ```js
 *  // Given:
 *  // URL: http://server.com/index.html#/Chapter/1/Section/2?search=moby
 *  // Route: /Chapter/:chapterId/Section/:sectionId
 *  //
 *  // Then
 *  $routeParams ==> {chapterId:'1', sectionId:'2', search:'moby'}
 * ```
 */
function $RouteParamsProvider() {
  this.$get = function() { return {}; };
}

ngRouteModule.directive('ngView', ngViewFactory);
ngRouteModule.directive('ngView', ngViewFillContentFactory);


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngView
 * @restrict ECA
 *
 * @description
 * `ngView` is a directive that complements the {@link ngRoute.$route $route} service by
 * including the rendered template of the current route into the main layout (`index.html`) file.
 * Every time the current route changes, the included view changes with it according to the
 * configuration of the `$route` service.
 *
 * Requires the {@link ngRoute `ngRoute`} module to be installed.
 *
 * @animations
 * | Animation                        | Occurs                              |
 * |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
 * | {@link ng.$animate#enter enter}  | when the new element is inserted to the DOM |
 * | {@link ng.$animate#leave leave}  | when the old element is removed from to the DOM  |
 *
 * The enter and leave animation occur concurrently.
 *
 * @scope
 * @priority 400
 * @param {string=} onload Expression to evaluate whenever the view updates.
 *
 * @param {string=} autoscroll Whether `ngView` should call {@link ng.$anchorScroll
 *                  $anchorScroll} to scroll the viewport after the view is updated.
 *
 *                  - If the attribute is not set, disable scrolling.
 *                  - If the attribute is set without value, enable scrolling.
 *                  - Otherwise enable scrolling only if the `autoscroll` attribute value evaluated
 *                    as an expression yields a truthy value.
 * @example
    <example name="ngView-directive" module="ngViewExample"
             deps="angular-route.js;angular-animate.js"
             animations="true" fixBase="true">
      <file name="index.html">
        <div ng-controller="MainCtrl as main">
          Choose:
          <a href="Book/Moby">Moby</a> |
          <a href="Book/Moby/ch/1">Moby: Ch1</a> |
          <a href="Book/Gatsby">Gatsby</a> |
          <a href="Book/Gatsby/ch/4?key=value">Gatsby: Ch4</a> |
          <a href="Book/Scarlet">Scarlet Letter</a><br/>

          <div class="view-animate-container">
            <div ng-view class="view-animate"></div>
          </div>
          <hr />

          <pre>$location.path() = {{main.$location.path()}}</pre>
          <pre>$route.current.templateUrl = {{main.$route.current.templateUrl}}</pre>
          <pre>$route.current.params = {{main.$route.current.params}}</pre>
          <pre>$routeParams = {{main.$routeParams}}</pre>
        </div>
      </file>

      <file name="book.html">
        <div>
          controller: {{book.name}}<br />
          Book Id: {{book.params.bookId}}<br />
        </div>
      </file>

      <file name="chapter.html">
        <div>
          controller: {{chapter.name}}<br />
          Book Id: {{chapter.params.bookId}}<br />
          Chapter Id: {{chapter.params.chapterId}}
        </div>
      </file>

      <file name="animations.css">
        .view-animate-container {
          position:relative;
          height:100px!important;
          background:white;
          border:1px solid black;
          height:40px;
          overflow:hidden;
        }

        .view-animate {
          padding:10px;
        }

        .view-animate.ng-enter, .view-animate.ng-leave {
          transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 1.5s;

          display:block;
          width:100%;
          border-left:1px solid black;

          position:absolute;
          top:0;
          left:0;
          right:0;
          bottom:0;
          padding:10px;
        }

        .view-animate.ng-enter {
          left:100%;
        }
        .view-animate.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
          left:0;
        }
        .view-animate.ng-leave.ng-leave-active {
          left:-100%;
        }
      </file>

      <file name="script.js">
        angular.module('ngViewExample', ['ngRoute', 'ngAnimate'])
          .config(['$routeProvider', '$locationProvider',
            function($routeProvider, $locationProvider) {
              $routeProvider
                .when('/Book/:bookId', {
                  templateUrl: 'book.html',
                  controller: 'BookCtrl',
                  controllerAs: 'book'
                })
                .when('/Book/:bookId/ch/:chapterId', {
                  templateUrl: 'chapter.html',
                  controller: 'ChapterCtrl',
                  controllerAs: 'chapter'
                });

              $locationProvider.html5Mode(true);
          }])
          .controller('MainCtrl', ['$route', '$routeParams', '$location',
            function MainCtrl($route, $routeParams, $location) {
              this.$route = $route;
              this.$location = $location;
              this.$routeParams = $routeParams;
          }])
          .controller('BookCtrl', ['$routeParams', function BookCtrl($routeParams) {
            this.name = 'BookCtrl';
            this.params = $routeParams;
          }])
          .controller('ChapterCtrl', ['$routeParams', function ChapterCtrl($routeParams) {
            this.name = 'ChapterCtrl';
            this.params = $routeParams;
          }]);

      </file>

      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
        it('should load and compile correct template', function() {
          element(by.linkText('Moby: Ch1')).click();
          var content = element(by.css('[ng-view]')).getText();
          expect(content).toMatch(/controller: ChapterCtrl/);
          expect(content).toMatch(/Book Id: Moby/);
          expect(content).toMatch(/Chapter Id: 1/);

          element(by.partialLinkText('Scarlet')).click();

          content = element(by.css('[ng-view]')).getText();
          expect(content).toMatch(/controller: BookCtrl/);
          expect(content).toMatch(/Book Id: Scarlet/);
        });
      </file>
    </example>
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc event
 * @name ngView#$viewContentLoaded
 * @eventType emit on the current ngView scope
 * @description
 * Emitted every time the ngView content is reloaded.
 */
ngViewFactory.$inject = ['$route', '$anchorScroll', '$animate'];
function ngViewFactory($route, $anchorScroll, $animate) {
  return {
    restrict: 'ECA',
    terminal: true,
    priority: 400,
    transclude: 'element',
    link: function(scope, $element, attr, ctrl, $transclude) {
        var currentScope,
            currentElement,
            previousLeaveAnimation,
            autoScrollExp = attr.autoscroll,
            onloadExp = attr.onload || '';

        scope.$on('$routeChangeSuccess', update);
        update();

        function cleanupLastView() {
          if (previousLeaveAnimation) {
            $animate.cancel(previousLeaveAnimation);
            previousLeaveAnimation = null;
          }

          if (currentScope) {
            currentScope.$destroy();
            currentScope = null;
          }
          if (currentElement) {
            previousLeaveAnimation = $animate.leave(currentElement);
            previousLeaveAnimation.done(function(response) {
              if (response !== false) previousLeaveAnimation = null;
            });
            currentElement = null;
          }
        }

        function update() {
          var locals = $route.current && $route.current.locals,
              template = locals && locals.$template;

          if (angular.isDefined(template)) {
            var newScope = scope.$new();
            var current = $route.current;

            // Note: This will also link all children of ng-view that were contained in the original
            // html. If that content contains controllers, ... they could pollute/change the scope.
            // However, using ng-view on an element with additional content does not make sense...
            // Note: We can't remove them in the cloneAttchFn of $transclude as that
            // function is called before linking the content, which would apply child
            // directives to non existing elements.
            var clone = $transclude(newScope, function(clone) {
              $animate.enter(clone, null, currentElement || $element).done(function onNgViewEnter(response) {
                if (response !== false && angular.isDefined(autoScrollExp)
                  && (!autoScrollExp || scope.$eval(autoScrollExp))) {
                  $anchorScroll();
                }
              });
              cleanupLastView();
            });

            currentElement = clone;
            currentScope = current.scope = newScope;
            currentScope.$emit('$viewContentLoaded');
            currentScope.$eval(onloadExp);
          } else {
            cleanupLastView();
          }
        }
    }
  };
}

// This directive is called during the $transclude call of the first `ngView` directive.
// It will replace and compile the content of the element with the loaded template.
// We need this directive so that the element content is already filled when
// the link function of another directive on the same element as ngView
// is called.
ngViewFillContentFactory.$inject = ['$compile', '$controller', '$route'];
function ngViewFillContentFactory($compile, $controller, $route) {
  return {
    restrict: 'ECA',
    priority: -400,
    link: function(scope, $element) {
      var current = $route.current,
          locals = current.locals;

      $element.html(locals.$template);

      var link = $compile($element.contents());

      if (current.controller) {
        locals.$scope = scope;
        var controller = $controller(current.controller, locals);
        if (current.controllerAs) {
          scope[current.controllerAs] = controller;
        }
        $element.data('$ngControllerController', controller);
        $element.children().data('$ngControllerController', controller);
      }
      scope[current.resolveAs || '$resolve'] = locals;

      link(scope);
    }
  };
}

describe('ngView', function() {

  describe('basics', function() {
    var element;

    beforeEach(module('ngRoute'));

    beforeEach(module(function($provide) {
      return function($rootScope, $compile, $animate) {
        element = $compile('<div><ng:view onload="load()"></ng:view></div>')($rootScope);
      };
    }));


    afterEach(function() {
      dealoc(element);
    });


    it('should do nothing when no routes are defined',
        inject(function($rootScope, $compile, $location) {
      $location.path('/unknown');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect(element.text()).toEqual('');
    }));


    it('should instantiate controller after compiling the content', function() {
      var log = [], controllerScope,
          Ctrl = function($scope) {
            controllerScope = $scope;
            log.push('ctrl-init');
          };

      module(function($compileProvider, $routeProvider) {
        $compileProvider.directive('compileLog', function() {
          return {
            compile: function() {
              log.push('compile');
            }
          };
        });

        $routeProvider.when('/some', {templateUrl: '/tpl.html', controller: Ctrl});
      });

      inject(function($route, $rootScope, $templateCache, $location) {
        $templateCache.put('/tpl.html', [200, '<div compile-log>partial</div>', {}]);
        $location.path('/some');
        $rootScope.$digest();

        expect(controllerScope.$parent).toBe($rootScope);
        expect(controllerScope).toBe($route.current.scope);
        expect(log).toEqual(['compile', 'ctrl-init']);
      });
    });


    it('should instantiate the associated controller when an empty template is downloaded', function() {
      var log = [], controllerScope,
          Ctrl = function($scope) {
            controllerScope = $scope;
            log.push('ctrl-init');
          };

      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/some', {templateUrl: '/tpl.html', controller: Ctrl});
      });

      inject(function($route, $rootScope, $templateCache, $location) {
        $templateCache.put('/tpl.html', [200, '', {}]);
        $location.path('/some');

        expect(function() {
          $rootScope.$digest();
        }).not.toThrow();

        expect(controllerScope).toBeDefined();
      });
    });


    it('should instantiate controller with an alias', function() {
      var log = [], controllerScope;

      function Ctrl($scope) {
        this.name = 'alias';
        controllerScope = $scope;
      }

      module(function($compileProvider, $routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/some', {templateUrl: '/tpl.html', controller: Ctrl, controllerAs: 'ctrl'});
      });

      inject(function($route, $rootScope, $templateCache, $location) {
        $templateCache.put('/tpl.html', [200, '<div></div>', {}]);
        $location.path('/some');
        $rootScope.$digest();

        expect(controllerScope.ctrl.name).toBe('alias');
      });
    });


    it('should support string controller declaration', function() {
      var MyCtrl = jasmine.createSpy('MyCtrl');

      module(function($controllerProvider, $routeProvider) {
        $controllerProvider.register('MyCtrl', ['$scope', MyCtrl]);
        $routeProvider.when('/foo', {controller: 'MyCtrl', templateUrl: '/tpl.html'});
      });

      inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope, $templateCache) {
        $templateCache.put('/tpl.html', [200, '<div></div>', {}]);
        $location.path('/foo');
        $rootScope.$digest();

        expect($route.current.controller).toBe('MyCtrl');
        expect(MyCtrl).toHaveBeenCalledWith(element.children().scope());
      });
    });


    it('should reference resolved locals in scope', function() {
      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/foo', {
          resolve: {
            name: function() {
              return 'shahar';
            }
          },
          template: '<div>{{$resolve.name}}</div>'
        });
      });

      inject(function($location, $rootScope) {
        $location.path('/foo');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(element.text()).toEqual('shahar');
      });
    });


    it('should allow to provide an alias for resolved locals using resolveAs', function() {
      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/foo', {
          resolveAs: 'myResolve',
          resolve: {
            name: function() {
              return 'shahar';
            }
          },
          template: '<div>{{myResolve.name}}</div>'
        });
      });

      inject(function($location, $rootScope) {
        $location.path('/foo');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(element.text()).toEqual('shahar');
      });
    });


    it('should load content via xhr when route changes', function() {
      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/foo', {templateUrl: 'myUrl1'});
        $routeProvider.when('/bar', {templateUrl: 'myUrl2'});
      });

      inject(function($rootScope, $compile, $httpBackend, $location, $route) {
        expect(element.text()).toEqual('');

        $location.path('/foo');
        $httpBackend.expect('GET', 'myUrl1').respond('<div>{{1+3}}</div>');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        $httpBackend.flush();
        expect(element.text()).toEqual('4');

        $location.path('/bar');
        $httpBackend.expect('GET', 'myUrl2').respond('angular is da best');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        $httpBackend.flush();
        expect(element.text()).toEqual('angular is da best');
      });
    });


    it('should use inline content route changes', function() {
      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/foo', {template: '<div>{{1+3}}</div>'});
        $routeProvider.when('/bar', {template: 'AngularJS is da best'});
        $routeProvider.when('/blank', {template: ''});
      });

      inject(function($rootScope, $compile, $location, $route) {
        expect(element.text()).toEqual('');

        $location.path('/foo');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(element.text()).toEqual('4');

        $location.path('/bar');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(element.text()).toEqual('AngularJS is da best');

        $location.path('/blank');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(element.text()).toEqual('');
      });
    });


    it('should remove all content when location changes to an unknown route', function() {
      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/foo', {templateUrl: 'myUrl1'});
      });

      inject(function($rootScope, $compile, $location, $httpBackend, $route) {
        $location.path('/foo');
        $httpBackend.expect('GET', 'myUrl1').respond('<div>{{1+3}}</div>');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        $httpBackend.flush();
        expect(element.text()).toEqual('4');

        $location.path('/unknown');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(element.text()).toEqual('');
      });
    });


    it('should chain scopes and propagate evals to the child scope', function() {
      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/foo', {templateUrl: 'myUrl1'});
      });

      inject(function($rootScope, $compile, $location, $httpBackend, $route) {
        $rootScope.parentVar = 'parent';

        $location.path('/foo');
        $httpBackend.expect('GET', 'myUrl1').respond('<div>{{parentVar}}</div>');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        $httpBackend.flush();
        expect(element.text()).toEqual('parent');

        $rootScope.parentVar = 'new parent';
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(element.text()).toEqual('new parent');
      });
    });


    it('should be possible to nest ngView in ngInclude', function() {

      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/foo', {templateUrl: 'viewPartial.html'});
      });

      inject(function($httpBackend, $location, $route, $compile, $rootScope) {
        $httpBackend.whenGET('includePartial.html').respond('view: <ng:view></ng:view>');
        $httpBackend.whenGET('viewPartial.html').respond('content');
        $location.path('/foo');

        var elm = $compile(
          '<div>' +
            'include: <ng:include src="\'includePartial.html\'"> </ng:include>' +
          '</div>')($rootScope);
        $rootScope.$digest();
        $httpBackend.flush();

        expect(elm.text()).toEqual('include: view: content');
        expect($route.current.templateUrl).toEqual('viewPartial.html');
        dealoc(elm);
      });
    });


    it('should initialize view template after the view controller was initialized even when ' +
      'templates were cached', function() {
      //this is a test for a regression that was introduced by making the ng-view cache sync
      function ParentCtrl($scope) {
        $scope.log.push('parent');
      }

      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/foo', {controller: ParentCtrl, templateUrl: 'viewPartial.html'});
      });


      inject(function($rootScope, $compile, $location, $httpBackend, $route) {
        $rootScope.log = [];

        $rootScope.ChildCtrl = function($scope) {
          $scope.log.push('child');
        };

        $location.path('/foo');
        $httpBackend.expect('GET', 'viewPartial.html').
            respond('<div ng-init="log.push(\'init\')">' +
                      '<div ng-controller="ChildCtrl"></div>' +
                    '</div>');
        $rootScope.$apply();
        $httpBackend.flush();

        expect($rootScope.log).toEqual(['parent', 'init', 'child']);

        $location.path('/');
        $rootScope.$apply();
        expect($rootScope.log).toEqual(['parent', 'init', 'child']);

        $rootScope.log = [];
        $location.path('/foo');
        $rootScope.$apply();

        expect($rootScope.log).toEqual(['parent', 'init', 'child']);
      });
    });


    it('should discard pending xhr callbacks if a new route is requested before the current ' +
        'finished loading',  function() {
      // this is a test for a bad race condition that affected feedback

      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/foo', {templateUrl: 'myUrl1'});
        $routeProvider.when('/bar', {templateUrl: 'myUrl2'});
      });

      inject(function($route, $rootScope, $location, $httpBackend) {
        expect(element.text()).toEqual('');

        $location.path('/foo');
        $httpBackend.expect('GET', 'myUrl1').respond('<div>{{1+3}}</div>');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        $location.path('/bar');
        $httpBackend.expect('GET', 'myUrl2').respond('<div>{{1+1}}</div>');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        $httpBackend.flush(); // now that we have two requests pending, flush!

        expect(element.text()).toEqual('2');
      });
    });


    it('should be async even if served from cache', function() {
      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/foo', {controller: angular.noop, templateUrl: 'myUrl1'});
      });

      inject(function($route, $rootScope, $location, $templateCache) {
        $templateCache.put('myUrl1', [200, 'my partial', {}]);
        $location.path('/foo');

        var called = 0;
        // we want to assert only during first watch
        $rootScope.$watch(function() {
          if (!called) expect(element.text()).toBe('');
          called++;
        });

        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(element.text()).toBe('my partial');
      });
    });

    it('should fire $contentLoaded event when content compiled and linked', function() {
      var log = [];
      var logger = function(name) {
        return function() {
          log.push(name);
        };
      };
      var Ctrl = function($scope) {
        $scope.value = 'bound-value';
        log.push('init-ctrl');
      };

      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/foo', {templateUrl: 'tpl.html', controller: Ctrl});
      });

      inject(function($templateCache, $rootScope, $location) {
        $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart', logger('$routeChangeStart'));
        $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeSuccess', logger('$routeChangeSuccess'));
        $rootScope.$on('$viewContentLoaded', logger('$viewContentLoaded'));

        $templateCache.put('tpl.html', [200, '{{value}}', {}]);
        $location.path('/foo');
        $rootScope.$digest();

        expect(element.text()).toBe('bound-value');
        expect(log).toEqual([
          '$routeChangeStart', 'init-ctrl', '$viewContentLoaded', '$routeChangeSuccess'
        ]);
      });
    });

    it('should destroy previous scope', function() {
      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/foo', {templateUrl: 'tpl.html'});
      });

      inject(function($templateCache, $rootScope, $location) {
        $templateCache.put('tpl.html', [200, 'partial', {}]);

        expect($rootScope.$$childHead).toBeNull();
        expect($rootScope.$$childTail).toBeNull();

        $location.path('/foo');
        $rootScope.$digest();

        expect(element.text()).toBe('partial');
        expect($rootScope.$$childHead).not.toBeNull();
        expect($rootScope.$$childTail).not.toBeNull();

        $location.path('/non/existing/route');
        $rootScope.$digest();

        expect(element.text()).toBe('');
        expect($rootScope.$$childHead).toBeNull();
        expect($rootScope.$$childTail).toBeNull();
      });
    });


    it('should destroy previous scope if multiple route changes occur before server responds',
        function() {
      var log = [];
      var createCtrl = function(name) {
        return function($scope) {
          log.push('init-' + name);
          $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {log.push('destroy-' + name);});
        };
      };

      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/one', {templateUrl: 'one.html', controller: createCtrl('ctrl1')});
        $routeProvider.when('/two', {templateUrl: 'two.html', controller: createCtrl('ctrl2')});
      });

      inject(function($httpBackend, $rootScope, $location) {
        $httpBackend.whenGET('one.html').respond('content 1');
        $httpBackend.whenGET('two.html').respond('content 2');

        $location.path('/one');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        $location.path('/two');
        $rootScope.$digest();

        $httpBackend.flush();
        expect(element.text()).toBe('content 2');
        expect(log).toEqual(['init-ctrl2']);

        $location.path('/non-existing');
        $rootScope.$digest();

        expect(element.text()).toBe('');
        expect(log).toEqual(['init-ctrl2', 'destroy-ctrl2']);

        expect($rootScope.$$childHead).toBeNull();
        expect($rootScope.$$childTail).toBeNull();
      });
    });


    it('should $destroy scope after update and reload',  function() {
      // this is a regression of bug, where $route doesn't copy scope when only updating

      var log = [];

      function logger(msg) {
        return function() {
          log.push(msg);
        };
      }

      function createController(name) {
        return function($scope) {
          log.push('init-' + name);
          $scope.$on('$destroy', logger('destroy-' + name));
          $scope.$on('$routeUpdate', logger('route-update'));
        };
      }

      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/bar', {templateUrl: 'tpl.html', controller: createController('bar')});
        $routeProvider.when('/foo', {
          templateUrl: 'tpl.html',
          controller: createController('foo'),
          reloadOnSearch: false
        });
      });

      inject(function($templateCache, $location, $rootScope) {
        $templateCache.put('tpl.html', [200, 'partial', {}]);

        $location.url('/foo');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(log).toEqual(['init-foo']);

        $location.search({q: 'some'});
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(log).toEqual(['init-foo', 'route-update']);

        $location.url('/bar');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(log).toEqual(['init-foo', 'route-update', 'destroy-foo', 'init-bar']);
      });
    });


    it('should evaluate onload expression after linking the content', function() {
      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/foo', {templateUrl: 'tpl.html'});
      });

      inject(function($templateCache, $location, $rootScope) {
        $templateCache.put('tpl.html', [200, '{{1+1}}', {}]);
        $rootScope.load = jasmine.createSpy('onload');

        $location.url('/foo');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect($rootScope.load).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
      });
    });


    it('should set $scope and $controllerController on the view elements (except for non-element nodes)', function() {
      function MyCtrl($scope) {
        $scope.state = 'WORKS';
        $scope.ctrl = this;
      }

      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/foo', {templateUrl: 'tpl.html', controller: MyCtrl});
      });

      inject(function($templateCache, $location, $rootScope, $route) {
        // in the template the white-space before the div is an intentional non-element node,
        // a text might get wrapped into span so it's safer to just use white space
        $templateCache.put('tpl.html', [200, '   \n   <div>{{state}}</div>', {}]);

        $location.url('/foo');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(element.text()).toEqual('   \n   WORKS');

        var div = element.find('div');
        expect(div.parent()[0].nodeName.toUpperCase()).toBeOneOf('NG:VIEW', 'VIEW');

        expect(div.scope()).toBe($route.current.scope);
        expect(div.scope().hasOwnProperty('state')).toBe(true);
        expect(div.scope().state).toEqual('WORKS');

        expect(div.controller()).toBe($route.current.scope.ctrl);
      });
    });

    it('should not set $scope or $controllerController on top level text elements in the view', function() {
      function MyCtrl($scope) {}

      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/foo', {templateUrl: 'tpl.html', controller: MyCtrl});
      });

      inject(function($templateCache, $location, $rootScope, $route) {
        $templateCache.put('tpl.html', '<div></div>  ');
        $location.url('/foo');
        $rootScope.$digest();

        angular.forEach(element.contents(), function(node) {
          if (node.nodeType === 3 /* text node */) {
            expect(angular.element(node).scope()).not.toBe($route.current.scope);
            expect(angular.element(node).controller()).not.toBeDefined();
          } else if (node.nodeType === 8 /* comment node */) {
            expect(angular.element(node).scope()).toBe(element.scope());
            expect(angular.element(node).controller()).toBe(element.controller());
          } else {
            expect(angular.element(node).scope()).toBe($route.current.scope);
            expect(angular.element(node).controller()).toBeDefined();
          }
        });
      });
    });


    it('should not trigger a digest when the view is changed', function() {
      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/foo', {templateUrl: 'myUrl1'});
        $routeProvider.when('/bar', {templateUrl: 'myUrl2'});
      });

      inject(function($$rAF, $templateCache, $rootScope, $compile, $timeout, $location, $httpBackend) {
        var spy = spyOn($rootScope, '$digest').and.callThrough();

        $templateCache.put('myUrl1', 'my template content');
        $templateCache.put('myUrl2', 'my other template content');

        $location.path('/foo');
        $rootScope.$digest();

        // The animation completion is async even without actual animations
        $$rAF.flush();
        expect(element.text()).toEqual('my template content');

        $location.path('/bar');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        spy.calls.reset();

        $$rAF.flush();
        expect(element.text()).toEqual('my other template content');

        expect(spy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
        // A digest may have been triggered asynchronously, so check the queue
        $timeout.verifyNoPendingTasks();
      });
    });

  });

  describe('and transcludes', function() {
    var element, directive;

    beforeEach(module('ngRoute', function($compileProvider) {
      element = null;
      directive = $compileProvider.directive;
    }));

    afterEach(function() {
      if (element) {
        dealoc(element);
      }
    });

    it('should allow access to directive controller from children when used in a replace template', function() {
      var controller;
      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/view', {templateUrl: 'view.html'});
        directive('template', function() {
          return {
            template: '<div ng-view></div>',
            replace: true,
            controller: function() {
              this.flag = true;
            }
          };
        });

        directive('test', function() {
          return {
            require: '^template',
            link: function(scope, el, attr, ctrl) {
              controller = ctrl;
            }
          };
        });
      });
      inject(function($compile, $rootScope, $httpBackend, $location) {
        $httpBackend.expectGET('view.html').respond('<div><div test></div></div>');
        element = $compile('<div><div template></div></div>')($rootScope);
        $location.url('/view');
        $rootScope.$apply();
        $httpBackend.flush();
        expect(controller.flag).toBe(true);
      });
    });

    it('should compile its content correctly (although we remove it later)', function() {
      var testElement;
      module(function($compileProvider, $routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/view', {template: ' '});
        var directive = $compileProvider.directive;
        directive('test', function() {
          return {
            link: function(scope, element) {
              testElement = element;
            }
          };
        });
      });
      inject(function($compile, $rootScope, $location) {
        element = $compile('<div><div ng-view><div test someAttr></div></div></div>')($rootScope);
        $location.url('/view');
        $rootScope.$apply();
        expect(testElement[0].nodeName).toBe('DIV');
      });

    });

    it('should link directives on the same element after the content has been loaded', function() {
      var contentOnLink;
      module(function($compileProvider, $routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/view', {template: 'someContent'});
        $compileProvider.directive('test', function() {
          return {
            link: function(scope, element) {
              contentOnLink = element.text();
            }
          };
        });
      });
      inject(function($compile, $rootScope, $location) {
        element = $compile('<div><div ng-view test></div>')($rootScope);
        $location.url('/view');
        $rootScope.$apply();
        expect(contentOnLink).toBe('someContent');
      });
    });

    it('should add the content to the element before compiling it', function() {
      var root;
      module(function($compileProvider, $routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/view', {template: '<span test></span>'});
        $compileProvider.directive('test', function() {
          return {
            link: function(scope, element) {
              root = element.parent().parent();
            }
          };
        });
      });
      inject(function($compile, $rootScope, $location) {
        element = $compile('<div><div ng-view></div>')($rootScope);
        $location.url('/view');
        $rootScope.$apply();
        expect(root[0]).toBe(element[0]);
      });
    });
  });

  describe('animations', function() {
    var body, element, $rootElement;

    beforeEach(module('ngRoute'));

    function html(content) {
      $rootElement.html(content);
      body.append($rootElement);
      element = $rootElement.children().eq(0);
      return element;
    }

    beforeEach(module(function() {
      // we need to run animation on attached elements;
      return function(_$rootElement_) {
        $rootElement = _$rootElement_;
        body = angular.element(window.document.body);
      };
    }));

    afterEach(function() {
      dealoc(body);
      dealoc(element);
    });


    beforeEach(module(function($provide, $routeProvider) {
      $routeProvider.when('/foo', {controller: angular.noop, templateUrl: '/foo.html'});
      $routeProvider.when('/bar', {controller: angular.noop, templateUrl: '/bar.html'});
      return function($templateCache) {
        $templateCache.put('/foo.html', [200, '<div>data</div>', {}]);
        $templateCache.put('/bar.html', [200, '<div>data2</div>', {}]);
      };
    }));

    describe('hooks', function() {
      beforeEach(module('ngAnimate'));
      beforeEach(module('ngAnimateMock'));

      it('should fire off the enter animation',
          inject(function($compile, $rootScope, $location, $timeout, $animate) {
            element = $compile(html('<div ng-view></div>'))($rootScope);

            $location.path('/foo');
            $rootScope.$digest();

            var animation = $animate.queue.pop();
            expect(animation.event).toBe('enter');
          }));

      it('should fire off the leave animation',
          inject(function($compile, $rootScope, $location, $templateCache, $timeout, $animate) {

        var item;
        $templateCache.put('/foo.html', [200, '<div>foo</div>', {}]);
        element = $compile(html('<div ng-view></div>'))($rootScope);

        $location.path('/foo');
        $rootScope.$digest();


        $location.path('/');
        $rootScope.$digest();

        var animation = $animate.queue.pop();
        expect(animation.event).toBe('leave');
      }));

      it('should animate two separate ngView elements',
        inject(function($compile, $rootScope, $templateCache, $location, $animate) {
          var item;
          $rootScope.tpl = 'one';
          element = $compile(html('<div ng-view></div>'))($rootScope);
          $rootScope.$digest();

          $location.path('/foo');
          $rootScope.$digest();

          //we don't care about the enter animation for the first element
          $animate.queue.pop();

          $location.path('/bar');
          $rootScope.$digest();

          var animationB = $animate.queue.pop();
          expect(animationB.event).toBe('leave');
          var itemB = animationB.args[0];

          var animationA = $animate.queue.pop();
          expect(animationA.event).toBe('enter');
          var itemA = animationA.args[0];

          expect(itemA).not.toEqual(itemB);
        })
      );

      it('should render ngClass on ngView',
        inject(function($compile, $rootScope, $templateCache, $animate, $location) {

          var item;
          $rootScope.tpl = 'one';
          $rootScope.klass = 'classy';
          element = $compile(html('<div><div ng-view ng-class="klass"></div></div>'))($rootScope);
          $rootScope.$digest();

          $location.path('/foo');
          $rootScope.$digest();
          $animate.flush();

          //we don't care about the enter animation
          $animate.queue.shift();

          var animation = $animate.queue.shift();
          expect(animation.event).toBe('addClass');

          item = animation.element;
          expect(item.hasClass('classy')).toBe(true);

          $rootScope.klass = 'boring';
          $rootScope.$digest();

          expect($animate.queue.shift().event).toBe('addClass');
          expect($animate.queue.shift().event).toBe('removeClass');

          $animate.flush();

          expect(item.hasClass('classy')).toBe(false);
          expect(item.hasClass('boring')).toBe(true);

          $location.path('/bar');
          $rootScope.$digest();

          //we don't care about the enter animation
          $animate.queue.shift();

          animation = $animate.queue.shift();
          item = animation.element;
          expect(animation.event).toBe('leave');

          expect($animate.queue.shift().event).toBe('addClass');

          expect(item.hasClass('boring')).toBe(true);
        })
      );

      it('should not double compile when the route changes', function() {

        var window;
        module(function($routeProvider, $animateProvider, $provide) {
          $routeProvider.when('/foo', {template: '<div ng-repeat="i in [1,2]">{{i}}</div>'});
          $routeProvider.when('/bar', {template: '<div ng-repeat="i in [3,4]">{{i}}</div>'});
          $animateProvider.register('.my-animation', function() {
            return {
              leave: function(element, done) {
                done();
              }
            };
          });
        });

        inject(function($rootScope, $compile, $location, $route, $timeout, $rootElement, $sniffer, $animate) {
          element = $compile(html('<div><ng:view onload="load()" class="my-animation"></ng:view></div>'))($rootScope);
          $animate.enabled(true);

          $location.path('/foo');
          $rootScope.$digest();

          expect($animate.queue.shift().event).toBe('enter'); //ngView
          expect($animate.queue.shift().event).toBe('enter'); //repeat 1
          expect($animate.queue.shift().event).toBe('enter'); //repeat 2

          expect(element.text()).toEqual('12');

          $location.path('/bar');
          $rootScope.$digest();

          expect($animate.queue.shift().event).toBe('enter'); //ngView new
          expect($animate.queue.shift().event).toBe('leave'); //ngView old

          $rootScope.$digest();

          expect($animate.queue.shift().event).toBe('enter'); //ngRepeat 3
          expect($animate.queue.shift().event).toBe('enter'); //ngRepeat 4

          $animate.flush();

          expect(element.text()).toEqual('34');

          function n(text) {
            return text.replace(/\r\n/m, '').replace(/\r\n/m, '');
          }
        });
      });

      it('should destroy the previous leave animation if a new one takes place',
        inject(function($compile, $rootScope, $animate, $location, $timeout) {
          var $scope = $rootScope.$new();
          element = $compile(html(
            '<div>' +
              '<div ng-view></div>' +
            '</div>'
          ))($scope);

          $scope.$apply('value = true');

          $location.path('/bar');
          $rootScope.$digest();

          var destroyed, inner = element.children(0);
          inner.on('$destroy', function() {
            destroyed = true;
          });

          $location.path('/foo');
          $rootScope.$digest();

          $location.path('/bar');
          $rootScope.$digest();

          $location.path('/bar');
          $rootScope.$digest();

          expect(destroyed).toBe(true);
        })
      );
    });


    describe('autoscroll', function() {
      var autoScrollSpy;

      function spyOnAnchorScroll() {
        return function($provide, $routeProvider) {
          autoScrollSpy = jasmine.createSpy('$anchorScroll');
          $provide.value('$anchorScroll', autoScrollSpy);
          $routeProvider.when('/foo', {
            controller: angular.noop,
            template: '<div></div>'
          });
        };
      }

      function spyOnAnimateEnter() {
        return function($animate) {
          spyOn($animate, 'enter').and.callThrough();
        };
      }

      function compileAndLink(tpl) {
        return function($compile, $rootScope, $location) {
          element = $compile(tpl)($rootScope);
        };
      }

      beforeEach(module(spyOnAnchorScroll(), 'ngAnimateMock'));
      beforeEach(inject(spyOnAnimateEnter()));

      it('should call $anchorScroll if autoscroll attribute is present', inject(
          compileAndLink('<div><ng:view autoscroll></ng:view></div>'),
          function($rootScope, $animate, $timeout, $location) {

        $location.path('/foo');
        $rootScope.$digest();

        $animate.flush();
        $rootScope.$digest();

        expect($animate.queue.shift().event).toBe('enter');
        expect(autoScrollSpy).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
      }));


      it('should call $anchorScroll if autoscroll evaluates to true', inject(
          compileAndLink('<div><ng:view src="tpl" autoscroll="value"></ng:view></div>'),
          function($rootScope, $animate, $timeout, $location) {

        $rootScope.value = true;
        $location.path('/foo');
        $rootScope.$digest();

        $animate.flush();
        $rootScope.$digest();

        expect($animate.queue.shift().event).toBe('enter');
        expect(autoScrollSpy).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
      }));


      it('should not call $anchorScroll if autoscroll attribute is not present', inject(
          compileAndLink('<div><ng:view></ng:view></div>'),
          function($rootScope, $location, $animate, $timeout) {

        $location.path('/foo');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect($animate.queue.shift().event).toBe('enter');

        expect(autoScrollSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
      }));


      it('should not call $anchorScroll if autoscroll evaluates to false', inject(
          compileAndLink('<div><ng:view autoscroll="value"></ng:view></div>'),
          function($rootScope, $location, $animate, $timeout) {

        $rootScope.value = false;
        $location.path('/foo');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect($animate.queue.shift().event).toBe('enter');

        expect(autoScrollSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
      }));


      it('should only call $anchorScroll after the "enter" animation completes', inject(
        compileAndLink('<div><ng:view autoscroll></ng:view></div>'),
        function($rootScope, $location, $animate, $timeout) {
          $location.path('/foo');

          expect($animate.enter).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          $rootScope.$digest();

          expect(autoScrollSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

          expect($animate.queue.shift().event).toBe('enter');

          $animate.flush();
          $rootScope.$digest();

          expect($animate.enter).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
          expect(autoScrollSpy).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
        }
      ));
    });
  });

  describe('in async template', function() {
    beforeEach(module('ngRoute'));
    beforeEach(module(function($compileProvider, $provide, $routeProvider) {
      $compileProvider.directive('asyncView', function() {
        return {templateUrl: 'async-view.html'};
      });

      $provide.decorator('$templateRequest', function($timeout) {
        return function() {
          return $timeout(angular.identity, 500, false, '<ng-view></ng-view>');
        };
      });

      $routeProvider.when('/', {template: 'Hello, world!'});
    }));


    it('should work correctly upon initial page load',
      // Injecting `$location` here is necessary, so that it gets instantiated early
      inject(function($compile, $location, $rootScope, $timeout) {
        var elem = $compile('<async-view></async-view>')($rootScope);
        $rootScope.$digest();
        $timeout.flush(500);

        expect(elem.text()).toBe('Hello, world!');

        dealoc(elem);
      })
    );
  });
});

describe('$routeParams', function() {

  beforeEach(module('ngRoute'));


  it('should publish the params into a service',  function() {
    module(function($routeProvider) {
      $routeProvider.when('/foo', {});
      $routeProvider.when('/bar/:barId', {});
    });

    inject(function($rootScope, $route, $location, $routeParams) {
      $location.path('/foo').search('a=b');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($routeParams).toEqual({a:'b'});

      $location.path('/bar/123').search('x=abc');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($routeParams).toEqual({barId:'123', x:'abc'});
    });
  });

  it('should correctly extract the params when a param name is part of the route',  function() {
    module(function($routeProvider) {
      $routeProvider.when('/bar/:foo/:bar', {});
    });

    inject(function($rootScope, $route, $location, $routeParams) {
      $location.path('/bar/foovalue/barvalue');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($routeParams).toEqual({bar:'barvalue', foo:'foovalue'});
    });
  });

  it('should support route params not preceded by slashes', function() {
    module(function($routeProvider) {
      $routeProvider.when('/bar:barId/foo:fooId/', {});
    });

    inject(function($rootScope, $route, $location, $routeParams) {
      $location.path('/barbarvalue/foofoovalue/');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($routeParams).toEqual({barId: 'barvalue', fooId: 'foovalue'});
    });
  });

  it('should correctly extract the params when an optional param name is part of the route',  function() {
    module(function($routeProvider) {
      $routeProvider.when('/bar/:foo?', {});
      $routeProvider.when('/baz/:foo?/edit', {});
      $routeProvider.when('/qux/:bar?/:baz?', {});
    });

    inject(function($rootScope, $route, $location, $routeParams) {
      $location.path('/bar');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($routeParams).toEqual({});

      $location.path('/bar/fooValue');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($routeParams).toEqual({foo: 'fooValue'});

      $location.path('/baz/fooValue/edit');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($routeParams).toEqual({foo: 'fooValue'});

      $location.path('/baz/edit');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($routeParams).toEqual({});

      $location.path('/qux//bazValue');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($routeParams).toEqual({baz: 'bazValue'});

    });
  });

  it('should correctly extract path params containing hashes and/or question marks', function() {
    module(function($routeProvider) {
      $routeProvider.when('/foo/:bar', {});
      $routeProvider.when('/zoo/:bar/:baz/:qux', {});
    });

    inject(function($location, $rootScope, $routeParams) {
      $location.path('/foo/bar?baz');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($routeParams).toEqual({bar: 'bar?baz'});

      $location.path('/foo/bar?baz=val');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($routeParams).toEqual({bar: 'bar?baz=val'});

      $location.path('/foo/bar#baz');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($routeParams).toEqual({bar: 'bar#baz'});

      $location.path('/foo/bar?baz#qux');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($routeParams).toEqual({bar: 'bar?baz#qux'});

      $location.path('/foo/bar?baz=val#qux');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($routeParams).toEqual({bar: 'bar?baz=val#qux'});

      $location.path('/foo/bar#baz?qux');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($routeParams).toEqual({bar: 'bar#baz?qux'});

      $location.path('/zoo/bar?p1=v1#h1/baz?p2=v2#h2/qux?p3=v3#h3');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($routeParams).toEqual({
        bar: 'bar?p1=v1#h1',
        baz: 'baz?p2=v2#h2',
        qux: 'qux?p3=v3#h3'
      });
    });
  });

});

describe('$routeProvider', function() {
  var $routeProvider;

  beforeEach(module('ngRoute'));
  beforeEach(module(function(_$routeProvider_) {
    $routeProvider = _$routeProvider_;
    $routeProvider.when('/foo', {template: 'Hello, world!'});
  }));


  it('should support enabling/disabling automatic instantiation upon initial load',
    inject(function() {
      expect($routeProvider.eagerInstantiationEnabled(true)).toBe($routeProvider);
      expect($routeProvider.eagerInstantiationEnabled()).toBe(true);

      expect($routeProvider.eagerInstantiationEnabled(false)).toBe($routeProvider);
      expect($routeProvider.eagerInstantiationEnabled()).toBe(false);

      expect($routeProvider.eagerInstantiationEnabled(true)).toBe($routeProvider);
      expect($routeProvider.eagerInstantiationEnabled()).toBe(true);
    })
  );


  it('should automatically instantiate `$route` upon initial load', function() {
    inject(function($location, $rootScope) {
      $location.path('/foo');
      $rootScope.$digest();
    });

    inject(function($route) {
      expect($route.current).toBeDefined();
    });
  });


  it('should not automatically instantiate `$route` if disabled', function() {
    module(function($routeProvider) {
      $routeProvider.eagerInstantiationEnabled(false);
    });

    inject(function($location, $rootScope) {
      $location.path('/foo');
      $rootScope.$digest();
    });

    inject(function($route) {
      expect($route.current).toBeUndefined();
    });
  });
});


describe('$route', function() {
  var $httpBackend,
      element;

  beforeEach(module('ngRoute'));

  beforeEach(module(function() {
    return function(_$httpBackend_) {
      $httpBackend = _$httpBackend_;
      $httpBackend.when('GET', 'Chapter.html').respond('chapter');
      $httpBackend.when('GET', 'test.html').respond('test');
      $httpBackend.when('GET', 'foo.html').respond('foo');
      $httpBackend.when('GET', 'bar.html').respond('bar');
      $httpBackend.when('GET', 'baz.html').respond('baz');
      $httpBackend.when('GET', 'http://example.com/trusted-template.html').respond('cross domain trusted template');
      $httpBackend.when('GET', '404.html').respond('not found');
    };
  }));

  afterEach(function() {
    dealoc(element);
  });


  it('should allow cancellation via $locationChangeStart via $routeChangeStart', function() {
    module(function($routeProvider) {
      $routeProvider.when('/Edit', {
        id: 'edit', template: 'Some edit functionality'
      });
      $routeProvider.when('/Home', {
        id: 'home'
      });
    });
    module(provideLog);
    inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope, $compile, log) {
      $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart', function(event, next, current) {
        if (next.id === 'home' && current.scope.unsavedChanges) {
          event.preventDefault();
        }
      });
      element = $compile('<div><div ng-view></div></div>')($rootScope);
      $rootScope.$apply(function() {
        $location.path('/Edit');
      });
      $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeSuccess', log.fn('routeChangeSuccess'));
      $rootScope.$on('$locationChangeSuccess', log.fn('locationChangeSuccess'));

      // aborted route change
      $rootScope.$apply(function() {
        $route.current.scope.unsavedChanges = true;
      });
      $rootScope.$apply(function() {
        $location.path('/Home');
      });
      expect($route.current.id).toBe('edit');
      expect($location.path()).toBe('/Edit');
      expect(log).toEqual([]);

      // successful route change
      $rootScope.$apply(function() {
        $route.current.scope.unsavedChanges = false;
      });
      $rootScope.$apply(function() {
        $location.path('/Home');
      });
      expect($route.current.id).toBe('home');
      expect($location.path()).toBe('/Home');
      expect(log).toEqual(['locationChangeSuccess', 'routeChangeSuccess']);
    });
  });

  it('should allow redirects while handling $routeChangeStart', function() {
    module(function($routeProvider) {
      $routeProvider.when('/some', {
        id: 'some', template: 'Some functionality'
      });
      $routeProvider.when('/redirect', {
        id: 'redirect'
      });
    });
    module(provideLog);
    inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope, $compile, log) {
      $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart', function(event, next, current) {
        if (next.id === 'some') {
          $location.path('/redirect');
        }
      });
      $compile('<div><div ng-view></div></div>')($rootScope);
      $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart', log.fn('routeChangeStart'));
      $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeError', log.fn('routeChangeError'));
      $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeSuccess', log.fn('routeChangeSuccess'));
      $rootScope.$apply(function() {
        $location.path('/some');
      });

      expect($route.current.id).toBe('redirect');
      expect($location.path()).toBe('/redirect');
      expect(log).toEqual(['routeChangeStart', 'routeChangeStart', 'routeChangeSuccess']);
    });
  });

  it('should route and fire change event', function() {
    var log = '',
        lastRoute,
        nextRoute;

    module(function($routeProvider) {
      $routeProvider.when('/Book/:book/Chapter/:chapter',
          {controller: angular.noop, templateUrl: 'Chapter.html'});
      $routeProvider.when('/Blank', {});
    });
    inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope) {
      $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart', function(event, next, current) {
        log += 'before();';
        expect(current).toBe($route.current);
        lastRoute = current;
        nextRoute = next;
      });
      $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeSuccess', function(event, current, last) {
        log += 'after();';
        expect(current).toBe($route.current);
        expect(lastRoute).toBe(last);
        expect(nextRoute).toBe(current);
      });

      $location.path('/Book/Moby/Chapter/Intro').search('p=123');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      $httpBackend.flush();
      expect(log).toEqual('before();after();');
      expect($route.current.params).toEqual({book:'Moby', chapter:'Intro', p:'123'});

      log = '';
      $location.path('/Blank').search('ignore');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect(log).toEqual('before();after();');
      expect($route.current.params).toEqual({ignore:true});

      log = '';
      $location.path('/NONE');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect(log).toEqual('before();after();');
      expect($route.current).toEqual(undefined);
    });
  });

  it('should route and fire change event when catch-all params are used', function() {
    var log = '',
        lastRoute,
        nextRoute;

    module(function($routeProvider) {
      $routeProvider.when('/Book1/:book/Chapter/:chapter/:highlight*/edit',
          {controller: angular.noop, templateUrl: 'Chapter.html'});
      $routeProvider.when('/Book2/:book/:highlight*/Chapter/:chapter',
          {controller: angular.noop, templateUrl: 'Chapter.html'});
      $routeProvider.when('/Blank', {});
    });
    inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope) {
      $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart', function(event, next, current) {
        log += 'before();';
        expect(current).toBe($route.current);
        lastRoute = current;
        nextRoute = next;
      });
      $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeSuccess', function(event, current, last) {
        log += 'after();';
        expect(current).toBe($route.current);
        expect(lastRoute).toBe(last);
        expect(nextRoute).toBe(current);
      });

      $location.path('/Book1/Moby/Chapter/Intro/one/edit').search('p=123');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      $httpBackend.flush();
      expect(log).toEqual('before();after();');
      expect($route.current.params).toEqual({book:'Moby', chapter:'Intro', highlight:'one', p:'123'});

      log = '';
      $location.path('/Blank').search('ignore');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect(log).toEqual('before();after();');
      expect($route.current.params).toEqual({ignore:true});

      log = '';
      $location.path('/Book1/Moby/Chapter/Intro/one/two/edit').search('p=123');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect(log).toEqual('before();after();');
      expect($route.current.params).toEqual({book:'Moby', chapter:'Intro', highlight:'one/two', p:'123'});

      log = '';
      $location.path('/Book2/Moby/one/two/Chapter/Intro').search('p=123');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect(log).toEqual('before();after();');
      expect($route.current.params).toEqual({book:'Moby', chapter:'Intro', highlight:'one/two', p:'123'});

      log = '';
      $location.path('/NONE');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect(log).toEqual('before();after();');
      expect($route.current).toEqual(undefined);
    });
  });


  it('should route and fire change event correctly whenever the case insensitive flag is utilized', function() {
    var log = '',
        lastRoute,
        nextRoute;

    module(function($routeProvider) {
      $routeProvider.when('/Book1/:book/Chapter/:chapter/:highlight*/edit',
          {controller: angular.noop, templateUrl: 'Chapter.html', caseInsensitiveMatch: true});
      $routeProvider.when('/Book2/:book/:highlight*/Chapter/:chapter',
          {controller: angular.noop, templateUrl: 'Chapter.html'});
      $routeProvider.when('/Blank', {});
    });
    inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope) {
      $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart', function(event, next, current) {
        log += 'before();';
        expect(current).toBe($route.current);
        lastRoute = current;
        nextRoute = next;
      });
      $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeSuccess', function(event, current, last) {
        log += 'after();';
        expect(current).toBe($route.current);
        expect(lastRoute).toBe(last);
        expect(nextRoute).toBe(current);
      });

      $location.path('/Book1/Moby/Chapter/Intro/one/edit').search('p=123');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      $httpBackend.flush();
      expect(log).toEqual('before();after();');
      expect($route.current.params).toEqual({book:'Moby', chapter:'Intro', highlight:'one', p:'123'});

      log = '';
      $location.path('/BOOK1/Moby/CHAPTER/Intro/one/EDIT').search('p=123');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect(log).toEqual('before();after();');
      expect($route.current.params).toEqual({book:'Moby', chapter:'Intro', highlight:'one', p:'123'});

      log = '';
      $location.path('/Blank').search('ignore');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect(log).toEqual('before();after();');
      expect($route.current.params).toEqual({ignore:true});

      log = '';
      $location.path('/BLANK');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect(log).toEqual('before();after();');
      expect($route.current).toEqual(undefined);

      log = '';
      $location.path('/Book2/Moby/one/two/Chapter/Intro').search('p=123');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect(log).toEqual('before();after();');
      expect($route.current.params).toEqual({book:'Moby', chapter:'Intro', highlight:'one/two', p:'123'});

      log = '';
      $location.path('/BOOK2/Moby/one/two/CHAPTER/Intro').search('p=123');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect(log).toEqual('before();after();');
      expect($route.current).toEqual(undefined);
    });
  });

  it('should allow configuring caseInsensitiveMatch on the route provider level', function() {
    module(function($routeProvider) {
      $routeProvider.caseInsensitiveMatch = true;
      $routeProvider.when('/Blank', {template: 'blank'});
      $routeProvider.otherwise({template: 'other'});
    });
    inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope) {
      $location.path('/bLaNk');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($route.current.template).toBe('blank');
    });
  });

  it('should allow overriding provider\'s caseInsensitiveMatch setting on the route level', function() {
    module(function($routeProvider) {
      $routeProvider.caseInsensitiveMatch = true;
      $routeProvider.when('/Blank', {template: 'blank', caseInsensitiveMatch: false});
      $routeProvider.otherwise({template: 'other'});
    });
    inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope) {
      $location.path('/bLaNk');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($route.current.template).toBe('other');
    });
  });

  it('should not change route when location is canceled', function() {
    module(function($routeProvider) {
      $routeProvider.when('/somePath', {template: 'some path'});
    });
    inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope, $log) {
      $rootScope.$on('$locationChangeStart', function(event) {
        $log.info('$locationChangeStart');
        event.preventDefault();
      });

      $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeSuccess', function(event) {
        throw new Error('Should not get here');
      });

      $location.path('/somePath');
      $rootScope.$digest();

      expect($log.info.logs.shift()).toEqual(['$locationChangeStart']);
    });
  });


  describe('should match a route that contains special chars in the path', function() {
    beforeEach(module(function($routeProvider) {
      $routeProvider.when('/$test.23/foo*(bar)/:baz', {templateUrl: 'test.html'});
    }));

    it('matches the full path', inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope) {
      $location.path('/test');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($route.current).toBeUndefined();
    }));

    it('matches literal .', inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope) {
      $location.path('/$testX23/foo*(bar)/222');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($route.current).toBeUndefined();
    }));

    it('matches literal *', inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope) {
      $location.path('/$test.23/foooo(bar)/222');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($route.current).toBeUndefined();
    }));

    it('treats backslashes normally', inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope) {
      $location.path('/$test.23/foo*\\(bar)/222');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($route.current).toBeUndefined();
    }));

    it('matches a URL with special chars', inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope) {
      $location.path('/$test.23/foo*(bar)/~!@#$%^&*()_+=-`');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($route.current).toBeDefined();
    }));

    it('should use route params inherited from prototype chain', function() {
      function BaseRoute() {}
      BaseRoute.prototype.templateUrl = 'foo.html';

      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/foo', new BaseRoute());
      });

      inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope) {
        $location.path('/foo');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect($route.current.templateUrl).toBe('foo.html');
      });
    });
  });


  describe('should match a route that contains optional params in the path', function() {
    beforeEach(module(function($routeProvider) {
      $routeProvider.when('/test/:opt?/:baz/edit', {templateUrl: 'test.html'});
    }));

    it('matches a URL with optional params', inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope) {
      $location.path('/test/optValue/bazValue/edit');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($route.current).toBeDefined();
    }));

    it('matches a URL without optional param', inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope) {
      $location.path('/test//bazValue/edit');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($route.current).toBeDefined();
    }));

    it('not match a URL with a required param', inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope) {
      $location.path('///edit');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($route.current).not.toBeDefined();
    }));
  });


  it('should change route even when only search param changes', function() {
    module(function($routeProvider) {
      $routeProvider.when('/test', {templateUrl: 'test.html'});
    });

    inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope) {
      var callback = jasmine.createSpy('onRouteChange');

      $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart', callback);
      $location.path('/test');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      callback.calls.reset();

      $location.search({any: true});
      $rootScope.$digest();

      expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalled();
    });
  });


  it('should allow routes to be defined with just templates without controllers', function() {
    module(function($routeProvider) {
      $routeProvider.when('/foo', {templateUrl: 'foo.html'});
    });

    inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope) {
      var onChangeSpy = jasmine.createSpy('onChange');

      $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart', onChangeSpy);
      expect($route.current).toBeUndefined();
      expect(onChangeSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

      $location.path('/foo');
      $rootScope.$digest();

      expect($route.current.templateUrl).toEqual('foo.html');
      expect($route.current.controller).toBeUndefined();
      expect(onChangeSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
    });
  });


  it('should chain whens and otherwise', function() {
    module(function($routeProvider) {
      $routeProvider.when('/foo', {templateUrl: 'foo.html'}).
          otherwise({templateUrl: 'bar.html'}).
          when('/baz', {templateUrl: 'baz.html'});
    });

    inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope) {
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($route.current.templateUrl).toBe('bar.html');

      $location.url('/baz');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($route.current.templateUrl).toBe('baz.html');
    });
  });


  it('should skip routes with incomplete params', function() {
    module(function($routeProvider) {
      $routeProvider
        .otherwise({template: 'other'})
        .when('/pages/:page/:comment*', {template: 'comment'})
        .when('/pages/:page', {template: 'page'})
        .when('/pages', {template: 'index'})
        .when('/foo/', {template: 'foo'})
        .when('/foo/:bar', {template: 'bar'})
        .when('/foo/:bar*/:baz', {template: 'baz'});
    });

    inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope) {
      $location.url('/pages/');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($route.current.template).toBe('index');

      $location.url('/pages/page/');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($route.current.template).toBe('page');

      $location.url('/pages/page/1/');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($route.current.template).toBe('comment');

      $location.url('/foo/');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($route.current.template).toBe('foo');

      $location.url('/foo/bar/');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($route.current.template).toBe('bar');

      $location.url('/foo/bar/baz/');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($route.current.template).toBe('baz');

      $location.url('/something/');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($route.current.template).toBe('other');
    });
  });


  describe('otherwise', function() {

    it('should handle unknown routes with "otherwise" route definition', function() {
      function NotFoundCtrl() {}

      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/foo', {templateUrl: 'foo.html'});
        $routeProvider.otherwise({templateUrl: '404.html', controller: NotFoundCtrl});
      });

      inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope) {
        var onChangeSpy = jasmine.createSpy('onChange');

        $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart', onChangeSpy);
        expect($route.current).toBeUndefined();
        expect(onChangeSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

        $location.path('/unknownRoute');
        $rootScope.$digest();

        expect($route.current.templateUrl).toBe('404.html');
        expect($route.current.controller).toBe(NotFoundCtrl);
        expect(onChangeSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();

        onChangeSpy.calls.reset();
        $location.path('/foo');
        $rootScope.$digest();

        expect($route.current.templateUrl).toEqual('foo.html');
        expect($route.current.controller).toBeUndefined();
        expect(onChangeSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
      });
    });


    it('should update $route.current and $route.next when default route is matched', function() {
      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/foo', {templateUrl: 'foo.html'});
        $routeProvider.otherwise({templateUrl: '404.html'});
      });

      inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope) {
        var currentRoute, nextRoute,
            onChangeSpy = jasmine.createSpy('onChange').and.callFake(function(e, next) {
          currentRoute = $route.current;
          nextRoute = next;
        });


        // init
        $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart', onChangeSpy);
        expect($route.current).toBeUndefined();
        expect(onChangeSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();


        // match otherwise route
        $location.path('/unknownRoute');
        $rootScope.$digest();

        expect(currentRoute).toBeUndefined();
        expect(nextRoute.templateUrl).toBe('404.html');
        expect($route.current.templateUrl).toBe('404.html');
        expect(onChangeSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
        onChangeSpy.calls.reset();

        // match regular route
        $location.path('/foo');
        $rootScope.$digest();

        expect(currentRoute.templateUrl).toBe('404.html');
        expect(nextRoute.templateUrl).toBe('foo.html');
        expect($route.current.templateUrl).toEqual('foo.html');
        expect(onChangeSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
        onChangeSpy.calls.reset();

        // match otherwise route again
        $location.path('/anotherUnknownRoute');
        $rootScope.$digest();

        expect(currentRoute.templateUrl).toBe('foo.html');
        expect(nextRoute.templateUrl).toBe('404.html');
        expect($route.current.templateUrl).toEqual('404.html');
        expect(onChangeSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
      });
    });


    it('should interpret a string as a redirect route', function() {
      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/foo', {templateUrl: 'foo.html'});
        $routeProvider.when('/baz', {templateUrl: 'baz.html'});
        $routeProvider.otherwise('/foo');
      });

      inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope) {
        $location.path('/unknownRoute');
        $rootScope.$digest();

        expect($location.path()).toBe('/foo');
        expect($route.current.templateUrl).toBe('foo.html');
      });
    });
  });


  describe('events', function() {
    it('should not fire $routeChangeStart/Success during bootstrap (if no route)', function() {
      var routeChangeSpy = jasmine.createSpy('route change');

      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/one', {}); // no otherwise defined
      });

      inject(function($rootScope, $route, $location) {
        $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart', routeChangeSpy);
        $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeSuccess', routeChangeSpy);

        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(routeChangeSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

        $location.path('/no-route-here');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(routeChangeSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

        $location.path('/one');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(routeChangeSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
      });
    });

    it('should fire $routeChangeStart and resolve promises', function() {
      var deferA,
          deferB;

      module(function($provide, $routeProvider) {
        $provide.factory('b', function($q) {
          deferB = $q.defer();
          return deferB.promise;
        });
        $routeProvider.when('/path', { templateUrl: 'foo.html', resolve: {
          a: ['$q', function($q) {
            deferA = $q.defer();
            return deferA.promise;
          }],
          b: 'b'
        } });
      });

      inject(function($location, $route, $rootScope, $httpBackend) {
        var log = '';

        $httpBackend.expectGET('foo.html').respond('FOO');

        $location.path('/path');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(log).toEqual('');
        $httpBackend.flush();
        expect(log).toEqual('');
        deferA.resolve();
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(log).toEqual('');
        deferB.resolve();
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect($route.current.locals.$template).toEqual('FOO');
      });
    });


    it('should fire $routeChangeError event on resolution error', function() {
      var deferA;

      module(function($provide, $routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/path', { template: 'foo', resolve: {
          a: function($q) {
            deferA = $q.defer();
            return deferA.promise;
          }
        } });
      });

      inject(function($location, $route, $rootScope) {
        var log = '';

        $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart', function() { log += 'before();'; });
        $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeError', function(e, n, l, reason) { log += 'failed(' + reason + ');'; });

        $location.path('/path');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(log).toEqual('before();');

        deferA.reject('MyError');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(log).toEqual('before();failed(MyError);');
      });
    });


    it('should fetch templates', function() {
      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.
          when('/r1', { templateUrl: 'r1.html' }).
          when('/r2', { templateUrl: 'r2.html' });
      });

      inject(function($route, $httpBackend, $location, $rootScope) {
        var log = '';
        $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart', function(e, next) { log += '$before(' + next.templateUrl + ');'; });
        $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeSuccess', function(e, next) { log += '$after(' + next.templateUrl + ');'; });

        $httpBackend.expectGET('r1.html').respond('R1');
        $httpBackend.expectGET('r2.html').respond('R2');

        $location.path('/r1');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(log).toBe('$before(r1.html);');

        $location.path('/r2');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(log).toBe('$before(r1.html);$before(r2.html);');

        $httpBackend.flush();
        expect(log).toBe('$before(r1.html);$before(r2.html);$after(r2.html);');
        expect(log).not.toContain('$after(r1.html);');
      });
    });

    it('should NOT load cross domain templates by default', function() {
      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/foo', { templateUrl: 'http://example.com/foo.html' });
      });

      inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope) {
        var onError = jasmine.createSpy('onError');
        var onSuccess = jasmine.createSpy('onSuccess');

        $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeError', onError);
        $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeSuccess', onSuccess);

        $location.path('/foo');
        $rootScope.$digest();

        expect(onSuccess).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
        expect(onError).toHaveBeenCalled();
        expect(onError.calls.mostRecent().args[3]).toEqualMinErr('$sce', 'insecurl',
            'Blocked loading resource from url not allowed by $sceDelegate policy.  ' +
            'URL: http://example.com/foo.html');
      });
    });

    it('should load cross domain templates that are trusted', function() {
      module(function($routeProvider, $sceDelegateProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/foo', { templateUrl: 'http://example.com/foo.html' });
        $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlWhitelist([/^http:\/\/example\.com\/foo\.html$/]);
      });

      inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope) {
        $httpBackend.whenGET('http://example.com/foo.html').respond('FOO BODY');
        $location.path('/foo');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        $httpBackend.flush();
        expect($route.current.locals.$template).toEqual('FOO BODY');
      });
    });

    it('should not update $routeParams until $routeChangeSuccess', function() {
      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.
          when('/r1/:id', { templateUrl: 'r1.html' }).
          when('/r2/:id', { templateUrl: 'r2.html' });
      });

      inject(function($route, $httpBackend, $location, $rootScope, $routeParams) {
        var log = '';
        $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart', function(e, next) { log += '$before' + angular.toJson($routeParams) + ';'; });
        $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeSuccess', function(e, next) { log += '$after' + angular.toJson($routeParams) + ';'; });

        $httpBackend.whenGET('r1.html').respond('R1');
        $httpBackend.whenGET('r2.html').respond('R2');

        $location.path('/r1/1');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(log).toBe('$before{};');
        $httpBackend.flush();
        expect(log).toBe('$before{};$after{"id":"1"};');

        log = '';

        $location.path('/r2/2');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(log).toBe('$before{"id":"1"};');
        $httpBackend.flush();
        expect(log).toBe('$before{"id":"1"};$after{"id":"2"};');
      });
    });


    it('should drop in progress route change when new route change occurs', function() {
      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.
          when('/r1', { templateUrl: 'r1.html' }).
          when('/r2', { templateUrl: 'r2.html' });
      });

      inject(function($route, $httpBackend, $location, $rootScope) {
        var log = '';
        $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart', function(e, next) { log += '$before(' + next.templateUrl + ');'; });
        $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeSuccess', function(e, next) { log += '$after(' + next.templateUrl + ');'; });

        $httpBackend.expectGET('r1.html').respond('R1');
        $httpBackend.expectGET('r2.html').respond('R2');

        $location.path('/r1');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(log).toBe('$before(r1.html);');

        $location.path('/r2');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(log).toBe('$before(r1.html);$before(r2.html);');

        $httpBackend.flush();
        expect(log).toBe('$before(r1.html);$before(r2.html);$after(r2.html);');
        expect(log).not.toContain('$after(r1.html);');
      });
    });


    it('should throw an error when a template is not found', function() {
      module(function($routeProvider, $exceptionHandlerProvider) {
        $exceptionHandlerProvider.mode('log');
        $routeProvider.
          when('/r1', { templateUrl: 'r1.html' }).
          when('/r2', { templateUrl: 'r2.html' }).
          when('/r3', { templateUrl: 'r3.html' });
      });

      inject(function($route, $httpBackend, $location, $rootScope, $exceptionHandler) {
        $httpBackend.expectGET('r1.html').respond(404, 'R1');
        $location.path('/r1');
        $rootScope.$digest();

        $httpBackend.flush();
        expect($exceptionHandler.errors.pop()).
            toEqualMinErr('$templateRequest', 'tpload', 'Failed to load template: r1.html');

        $httpBackend.expectGET('r2.html').respond('');
        $location.path('/r2');
        $rootScope.$digest();

        $httpBackend.flush();
        expect($exceptionHandler.errors.length).toBe(0);

        $httpBackend.expectGET('r3.html').respond('abc');
        $location.path('/r3');
        $rootScope.$digest();

        $httpBackend.flush();
        expect($exceptionHandler.errors.length).toBe(0);
      });
    });


    it('should catch local factory errors', function() {
      var myError = new Error('MyError');
      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/locals', {
          resolve: {
            a: function($q) {
              throw myError;
            }
          }
        });
      });

      inject(function($location, $route, $rootScope) {
        spyOn($rootScope, '$broadcast').and.callThrough();

        $location.path('/locals');
        $rootScope.$digest();

        expect($rootScope.$broadcast).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
            '$routeChangeError', jasmine.any(Object), undefined, myError);
      });
    });
  });


  it('should match route with and without trailing slash', function() {
    module(function($routeProvider) {
      $routeProvider.when('/foo', {templateUrl: 'foo.html'});
      $routeProvider.when('/bar/', {templateUrl: 'bar.html'});
    });

    inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope) {
      $location.path('/foo');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($location.path()).toBe('/foo');
      expect($route.current.templateUrl).toBe('foo.html');

      $location.path('/foo/');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($location.path()).toBe('/foo');
      expect($route.current.templateUrl).toBe('foo.html');

      $location.path('/bar');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($location.path()).toBe('/bar/');
      expect($route.current.templateUrl).toBe('bar.html');

      $location.path('/bar/');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($location.path()).toBe('/bar/');
      expect($route.current.templateUrl).toBe('bar.html');
    });
  });


  it('should not get affected by modifying the route definition object after route registration',
    function() {
      module(function($routeProvider) {
        var rdo = {};

        rdo.templateUrl = 'foo.html';
        $routeProvider.when('/foo', rdo);

        rdo.templateUrl = 'bar.html';
        $routeProvider.when('/bar', rdo);
      });

      inject(function($location, $rootScope, $route) {
        $location.path('/bar');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect($location.path()).toBe('/bar');
        expect($route.current.templateUrl).toBe('bar.html');

        $location.path('/foo');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect($location.path()).toBe('/foo');
        expect($route.current.templateUrl).toBe('foo.html');
      });
    }
  );


  it('should use the property values of the passed in route definition object directly',
    function() {
      var $routeProvider;

      module(function(_$routeProvider_) {
        $routeProvider = _$routeProvider_;
      });

      inject(function($location, $rootScope, $route, $sce) {
        var sceWrappedUrl = $sce.trustAsResourceUrl('foo.html');
        $routeProvider.when('/foo', {templateUrl: sceWrappedUrl});

        $location.path('/foo');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect($location.path()).toBe('/foo');
        expect($route.current.templateUrl).toBe(sceWrappedUrl);
      });
    }
  );


  it('should support custom `$sce` implementations', function() {
    function MySafeResourceUrl(val) {
      var self = this;
      this._val = val;
      this.getVal = function() {
        return (this !== self) ? null : this._val;
      };
    }

    var $routeProvider;

    module(function($provide, _$routeProvider_) {
      $routeProvider = _$routeProvider_;

      $provide.decorator('$sce', function($delegate) {
        function getVal(v) { return v.getVal ? v.getVal() : v; }
        $delegate.trustAsResourceUrl = function(url) { return new MySafeResourceUrl(url); };
        $delegate.getTrustedResourceUrl = function(v) { return getVal(v); };
        $delegate.valueOf = function(v) { return getVal(v); };
        return $delegate;
      });
    });

    inject(function($location, $rootScope, $route, $sce) {
      $routeProvider.when('/foo', {templateUrl: $sce.trustAsResourceUrl('foo.html')});

      $location.path('/foo');
      $rootScope.$digest();
      expect($location.path()).toBe('/foo');
      expect($sce.valueOf($route.current.templateUrl)).toBe('foo.html');
    });
  });


  describe('redirection', function() {
    describe('via `redirectTo`', function() {
      it('should support redirection via redirectTo property by updating $location', function() {
        module(function($routeProvider) {
          $routeProvider.when('/', {redirectTo: '/foo'});
          $routeProvider.when('/foo', {templateUrl: 'foo.html'});
          $routeProvider.when('/bar', {templateUrl: 'bar.html'});
          $routeProvider.when('/baz', {redirectTo: '/bar'});
          $routeProvider.otherwise({templateUrl: '404.html'});
        });

        inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope) {
          var onChangeSpy = jasmine.createSpy('onChange');

          $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart', onChangeSpy);
          expect($route.current).toBeUndefined();
          expect(onChangeSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

          $location.path('/');
          $rootScope.$digest();
          expect($location.path()).toBe('/foo');
          expect($route.current.templateUrl).toBe('foo.html');
          expect(onChangeSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);

          onChangeSpy.calls.reset();
          $location.path('/baz');
          $rootScope.$digest();
          expect($location.path()).toBe('/bar');
          expect($route.current.templateUrl).toBe('bar.html');
          expect(onChangeSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
        });
      });


      it('should interpolate route vars in the redirected path from original path', function() {
        module(function($routeProvider) {
          $routeProvider.when('/foo/:id/foo/:subid/:extraId', {redirectTo: '/bar/:id/:subid/23'});
          $routeProvider.when('/bar/:id/:subid/:subsubid', {templateUrl: 'bar.html'});
          $routeProvider.when('/baz/:id/:path*', {redirectTo: '/path/:path/:id'});
          $routeProvider.when('/path/:path*/:id', {templateUrl: 'foo.html'});
        });

        inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope) {
          $location.path('/foo/id1/foo/subid3/gah');
          $rootScope.$digest();

          expect($location.path()).toEqual('/bar/id1/subid3/23');
          expect($location.search()).toEqual({extraId: 'gah'});
          expect($route.current.templateUrl).toEqual('bar.html');

          $location.path('/baz/1/foovalue/barvalue');
          $rootScope.$digest();
          expect($location.path()).toEqual('/path/foovalue/barvalue/1');
          expect($route.current.templateUrl).toEqual('foo.html');
        });
      });


      it('should interpolate route vars in the redirected path from original search', function() {
        module(function($routeProvider) {
          $routeProvider.when('/bar/:id/:subid/:subsubid', {templateUrl: 'bar.html'});
          $routeProvider.when('/foo/:id/:extra', {redirectTo: '/bar/:id/:subid/99'});
        });

        inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope) {
          $location.path('/foo/id3/eId').search('subid=sid1&appended=true');
          $rootScope.$digest();

          expect($location.path()).toEqual('/bar/id3/sid1/99');
          expect($location.search()).toEqual({appended: 'true', extra: 'eId'});
          expect($route.current.templateUrl).toEqual('bar.html');
        });
      });


      it('should properly process route params which are both eager and optional', function() {
        module(function($routeProvider) {
          $routeProvider.when('/foo/:param1*?/:param2', {templateUrl: 'foo.html'});
        });

        inject(function($location, $rootScope, $route) {
          $location.path('/foo/bar1/bar2/bar3/baz');
          $rootScope.$digest();

          expect($location.path()).toEqual('/foo/bar1/bar2/bar3/baz');
          expect($route.current.params.param1).toEqual('bar1/bar2/bar3');
          expect($route.current.params.param2).toEqual('baz');
          expect($route.current.templateUrl).toEqual('foo.html');

          $location.path('/foo/baz');
          $rootScope.$digest();

          expect($location.path()).toEqual('/foo/baz');
          expect($route.current.params.param1).toEqual(undefined);
          expect($route.current.params.param2).toEqual('baz');
          expect($route.current.templateUrl).toEqual('foo.html');

        });
      });


      it('should properly interpolate optional and eager route vars ' +
         'when redirecting from path with trailing slash', function() {
        module(function($routeProvider) {
          $routeProvider.when('/foo/:id?/:subid?', {templateUrl: 'foo.html'});
          $routeProvider.when('/bar/:id*/:subid', {templateUrl: 'bar.html'});
        });

        inject(function($location, $rootScope, $route) {
          $location.path('/foo/id1/subid2/');
          $rootScope.$digest();

          expect($location.path()).toEqual('/foo/id1/subid2');
          expect($route.current.templateUrl).toEqual('foo.html');

          $location.path('/bar/id1/extra/subid2/');
          $rootScope.$digest();

          expect($location.path()).toEqual('/bar/id1/extra/subid2');
          expect($route.current.templateUrl).toEqual('bar.html');
        });
      });


      it('should allow custom redirectTo function to be used', function() {
        function customRedirectFn(routePathParams, path, search) {
          expect(routePathParams).toEqual({id: 'id3'});
          expect(path).toEqual('/foo/id3');
          expect(search).toEqual({subid: 'sid1', appended: 'true'});
          return '/custom';
        }

        module(function($routeProvider) {
          $routeProvider.when('/foo/:id', {redirectTo: customRedirectFn});
        });

        inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope) {
          $location.path('/foo/id3').search('subid=sid1&appended=true');
          $rootScope.$digest();

          expect($location.path()).toEqual('/custom');
        });
      });


      it('should broadcast `$routeChangeError` when redirectTo throws', function() {
        var error = new Error('Test');

        module(function($routeProvider) {
          $routeProvider.when('/foo', {redirectTo: function() { throw error; }});
        });

        inject(function($exceptionHandler, $location, $rootScope, $route) {
          spyOn($rootScope, '$broadcast').and.callThrough();

          $location.path('/foo');
          $rootScope.$digest();

          var lastCallArgs = $rootScope.$broadcast.calls.mostRecent().args;
          expect(lastCallArgs[0]).toBe('$routeChangeError');
          expect(lastCallArgs[3]).toBe(error);
        });
      });


      it('should replace the url when redirecting',  function() {
        module(function($routeProvider) {
          $routeProvider.when('/bar/:id', {templateUrl: 'bar.html'});
          $routeProvider.when('/foo/:id/:extra', {redirectTo: '/bar/:id'});
        });
        inject(function($browser, $route, $location, $rootScope) {
          var $browserUrl = spyOnlyCallsWithArgs($browser, 'url').and.callThrough();

          $location.path('/foo/id3/eId');
          $rootScope.$digest();

          expect($location.path()).toEqual('/bar/id3');
          expect($browserUrl.calls.mostRecent().args)
              .toEqual(['http://server/#!/bar/id3?extra=eId', true, null]);
        });
      });


      it('should not process route bits', function() {
        var firstController = jasmine.createSpy('first controller spy');
        var firstTemplate = jasmine.createSpy('first template spy').and.returnValue('redirected view');
        var firstResolve = jasmine.createSpy('first resolve spy');
        var secondController = jasmine.createSpy('second controller spy');
        var secondTemplate = jasmine.createSpy('second template spy').and.returnValue('redirected view');
        var secondResolve = jasmine.createSpy('second resolve spy');
        module(function($routeProvider) {
          $routeProvider.when('/redirect', {
            template: firstTemplate,
            redirectTo: '/redirected',
            resolve: { value: firstResolve },
            controller: firstController
          });
          $routeProvider.when('/redirected', {
            template: secondTemplate,
            resolve: { value: secondResolve },
            controller: secondController
          });
        });
        inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope, $compile) {
          var element = $compile('<div><ng-view></ng-view></div>')($rootScope);
          $location.path('/redirect');
          $rootScope.$digest();

          expect(firstController).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(firstTemplate).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(firstResolve).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

          expect(secondController).toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(secondTemplate).toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(secondResolve).toHaveBeenCalled();

          dealoc(element);
        });
      });


      it('should not redirect transition if `redirectTo` returns `undefined`', function() {
        var controller = jasmine.createSpy('first controller spy');
        var templateFn = jasmine.createSpy('first template spy').and.returnValue('redirected view');
        module(function($routeProvider) {
          $routeProvider.when('/redirect/to/undefined', {
            template: templateFn,
            redirectTo: function() {},
            controller: controller
          });
        });
        inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope, $compile) {
          var element = $compile('<div><ng-view></ng-view></div>')($rootScope);
          $location.path('/redirect/to/undefined');
          $rootScope.$digest();
          expect(controller).toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(templateFn).toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect($location.path()).toEqual('/redirect/to/undefined');
          dealoc(element);
        });
      });
    });

    describe('via `resolveRedirectTo`', function() {
      var $compile;
      var $location;
      var $rootScope;
      var $route;

      beforeEach(module(function() {
        return function(_$compile_, _$location_, _$rootScope_, _$route_) {
          $compile = _$compile_;
          $location = _$location_;
          $rootScope = _$rootScope_;
          $route = _$route_;
        };
      }));


      it('should be ignored if `redirectTo` is also present', function() {
        var newUrl;
        var getNewUrl = function() { return newUrl; };

        var resolveRedirectToSpy = jasmine.createSpy('resolveRedirectTo').and.returnValue('/bar');
        var redirectToSpy = jasmine.createSpy('redirectTo').and.callFake(getNewUrl);
        var templateSpy = jasmine.createSpy('template').and.returnValue('Foo');

        module(function($routeProvider) {
          $routeProvider.
            when('/foo', {
              resolveRedirectTo: resolveRedirectToSpy,
              redirectTo: redirectToSpy,
              template: templateSpy
            }).
            when('/bar', {template: 'Bar'}).
            when('/baz', {template: 'Baz'});
        });

        inject(function() {
          newUrl = '/baz';
          $location.path('/foo');
          $rootScope.$digest();

          expect($location.path()).toBe('/baz');
          expect($route.current.template).toBe('Baz');
          expect(resolveRedirectToSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(redirectToSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(templateSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

          redirectToSpy.calls.reset();

          newUrl = undefined;
          $location.path('/foo');
          $rootScope.$digest();

          expect($location.path()).toBe('/foo');
          expect($route.current.template).toBe(templateSpy);
          expect(resolveRedirectToSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(redirectToSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(templateSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
        });
      });


      it('should redirect to the returned url', function() {
        module(function($routeProvider) {
          $routeProvider.
            when('/foo', {resolveRedirectTo: function() { return '/bar?baz=qux'; }}).
            when('/bar', {template: 'Bar'});
        });

        inject(function() {
          $location.path('/foo');
          $rootScope.$digest();

          expect($location.path()).toBe('/bar');
          expect($location.search()).toEqual({baz: 'qux'});
          expect($route.current.template).toBe('Bar');
        });
      });


      it('should support returning a promise', function() {
        module(function($routeProvider) {
          $routeProvider.
            when('/foo', {resolveRedirectTo: function($q) { return $q.resolve('/bar'); }}).
            when('/bar', {template: 'Bar'});
        });

        inject(function() {
          $location.path('/foo');
          $rootScope.$digest();

          expect($location.path()).toBe('/bar');
          expect($route.current.template).toBe('Bar');
        });
      });


      it('should support dependency injection', function() {
        module(function($provide, $routeProvider) {
          $provide.value('nextRoute', '/bar');

          $routeProvider.
            when('/foo', {
              resolveRedirectTo: function(nextRoute) {
                return nextRoute;
              }
            });
        });

        inject(function() {
          $location.path('/foo');
          $rootScope.$digest();

          expect($location.path()).toBe('/bar');
        });
      });


      it('should have access to the current routeParams via `$route.current.params`', function() {
        module(function($routeProvider) {
          $routeProvider.
            when('/foo/:bar/baz/:qux', {
              resolveRedirectTo: function($route) {
                expect($route.current.params).toEqual(jasmine.objectContaining({
                  bar: '1',
                  qux: '2'
                }));

                return '/passed';
              }
            });
        });

        inject(function() {
          $location.path('/foo/1/baz/2').search({bar: 'qux'});
          $rootScope.$digest();

          expect($location.path()).toBe('/passed');
        });
      });


      it('should not process route bits until the promise is resolved', function() {
        var spies = createSpies();
        var called = false;
        var deferred;

        module(function($routeProvider) {
          setupRoutes($routeProvider, spies, function($q) {
            called = true;
            deferred = $q.defer();
            return deferred.promise;
          });
        });

        inject(function() {
          var element = $compile('<div><ng-view></ng-view></div>')($rootScope);

          $location.path('/foo');
          $rootScope.$digest();

          expect($location.path()).toBe('/foo');
          expect(called).toBe(true);
          expect(spies.fooResolveSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.fooTemplateSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.fooControllerSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.barResolveSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.barTemplateSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.barControllerSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

          deferred.resolve('/bar');
          $rootScope.$digest();
          expect($location.path()).toBe('/bar');
          expect(spies.fooResolveSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.fooTemplateSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.fooControllerSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.barResolveSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.barTemplateSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.barControllerSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();

          dealoc(element);
        });
      });


      it('should not redirect if `undefined` is returned', function() {
        var spies = createSpies();
        var called = false;

        module(function($routeProvider) {
          setupRoutes($routeProvider, spies, function() {
            called = true;
            return undefined;
          });
        });

        inject(function() {
          var element = $compile('<div><ng-view></ng-view></div>')($rootScope);

          $location.path('/foo');
          $rootScope.$digest();

          expect($location.path()).toBe('/foo');
          expect(called).toBe(true);
          expect(spies.fooResolveSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.fooTemplateSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.fooControllerSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.barResolveSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.barTemplateSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.barControllerSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

          dealoc(element);
        });
      });


      it('should not redirect if the returned promise resolves to `undefined`', function() {
        var spies = createSpies();
        var called = false;

        module(function($routeProvider) {
          setupRoutes($routeProvider, spies, function($q) {
            called = true;
            return $q.resolve(undefined);
          });
        });

        inject(function() {
          var element = $compile('<div><ng-view></ng-view></div>')($rootScope);

          $location.path('/foo');
          $rootScope.$digest();

          expect($location.path()).toBe('/foo');
          expect(called).toBe(true);
          expect(spies.fooResolveSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.fooTemplateSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.fooControllerSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.barResolveSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.barTemplateSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.barControllerSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

          dealoc(element);
        });
      });


      it('should not redirect if the returned promise gets rejected', function() {
        var spies = createSpies();
        var called = false;

        module(function($routeProvider) {
          setupRoutes($routeProvider, spies, function($q) {
            called = true;
            return $q.reject('');
          });
        });

        inject(function() {
          spyOn($rootScope, '$broadcast').and.callThrough();

          var element = $compile('<div><ng-view></ng-view></div>')($rootScope);

          $location.path('/foo');
          $rootScope.$digest();

          expect($location.path()).toBe('/foo');
          expect(called).toBe(true);
          expect(spies.fooResolveSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.fooTemplateSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.fooControllerSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.barResolveSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.barTemplateSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.barControllerSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

          var lastCallArgs = $rootScope.$broadcast.calls.mostRecent().args;
          expect(lastCallArgs[0]).toBe('$routeChangeError');

          dealoc(element);
        });
      });


      it('should ignore previous redirection if newer transition happened', function() {
        var spies = createSpies();
        var called = false;
        var deferred;

        module(function($routeProvider) {
          setupRoutes($routeProvider, spies, function($q) {
            called = true;
            deferred = $q.defer();
            return deferred.promise;
          });
        });

        inject(function() {
          spyOn($location, 'url').and.callThrough();

          var element = $compile('<div><ng-view></ng-view></div>')($rootScope);

          $location.path('/foo');
          $rootScope.$digest();

          expect($location.path()).toBe('/foo');
          expect(called).toBe(true);
          expect(spies.fooResolveSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.fooTemplateSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.fooControllerSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.barResolveSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.barTemplateSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.barControllerSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.bazResolveSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.bazTemplateSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.bazControllerSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

          $location.path('/baz');
          $rootScope.$digest();

          expect($location.path()).toBe('/baz');
          expect(spies.fooResolveSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.fooTemplateSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.fooControllerSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.barResolveSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.barTemplateSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.barControllerSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.bazResolveSpy).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
          expect(spies.bazTemplateSpy).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
          expect(spies.bazControllerSpy).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();

          deferred.resolve();
          $rootScope.$digest();

          expect($location.path()).toBe('/baz');
          expect(spies.fooResolveSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.fooTemplateSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.fooControllerSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.barResolveSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.barTemplateSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.barControllerSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(spies.bazResolveSpy).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
          expect(spies.bazTemplateSpy).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
          expect(spies.bazControllerSpy).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();

          dealoc(element);
        });
      });


      // Helpers
      function createSpies() {
        return {
          fooResolveSpy: jasmine.createSpy('fooResolve'),
          fooTemplateSpy: jasmine.createSpy('fooTemplate').and.returnValue('Foo'),
          fooControllerSpy: jasmine.createSpy('fooController'),
          barResolveSpy: jasmine.createSpy('barResolve'),
          barTemplateSpy: jasmine.createSpy('barTemplate').and.returnValue('Bar'),
          barControllerSpy: jasmine.createSpy('barController'),
          bazResolveSpy: jasmine.createSpy('bazResolve'),
          bazTemplateSpy: jasmine.createSpy('bazTemplate').and.returnValue('Baz'),
          bazControllerSpy: jasmine.createSpy('bazController')
        };
      }

      function setupRoutes(routeProvider, spies, resolveRedirectToFn) {
        routeProvider.
          when('/foo', {
            resolveRedirectTo: resolveRedirectToFn,
            resolve: {_: spies.fooResolveSpy},
            template: spies.fooTemplateSpy,
            controller: spies.fooControllerSpy
          }).
          when('/bar', {
            resolve: {_: spies.barResolveSpy},
            template: spies.barTemplateSpy,
            controller: spies.barControllerSpy
          }).
          when('/baz', {
            resolve: {_: spies.bazResolveSpy},
            template: spies.bazTemplateSpy,
            controller: spies.bazControllerSpy
          });
      }
    });
  });


  describe('reloadOnUrl', function() {
    it('should reload when `reloadOnUrl` is true and `.url()` changes', function() {
      var routeChange = jasmine.createSpy('routeChange');

      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/path/:param', {});
      });

      inject(function($location, $rootScope, $routeParams) {
        $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart', routeChange);

        // Initial load
        $location.path('/path/foo');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(routeChange).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
        expect($routeParams).toEqual({param: 'foo'});

        routeChange.calls.reset();

        // Reload on `path` change
        $location.path('/path/bar');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(routeChange).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
        expect($routeParams).toEqual({param: 'bar'});

        routeChange.calls.reset();

        // Reload on `search` change
        $location.search('foo', 'bar');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(routeChange).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
        expect($routeParams).toEqual({param: 'bar', foo: 'bar'});

        routeChange.calls.reset();

        // Reload on `hash` change
        $location.hash('baz');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(routeChange).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
        expect($routeParams).toEqual({param: 'bar', foo: 'bar'});
      });
    });


    it('should reload when `reloadOnUrl` is false and URL maps to different route',
      function() {
        var routeChange = jasmine.createSpy('routeChange');
        var routeUpdate = jasmine.createSpy('routeUpdate');

        module(function($routeProvider) {
          $routeProvider.
            when('/path/:param', {reloadOnUrl: false}).
            otherwise({});
        });

        inject(function($location, $rootScope, $routeParams) {
          $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart', routeChange);
          $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeSuccess', routeChange);
          $rootScope.$on('$routeUpdate', routeUpdate);

          expect(routeChange).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

          // Initial load
          $location.path('/path/foo');
          $rootScope.$digest();
          expect(routeChange).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
          expect(routeUpdate).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect($routeParams).toEqual({param: 'foo'});

          routeChange.calls.reset();

          // Route change
          $location.path('/other/path/bar');
          $rootScope.$digest();
          expect(routeChange).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
          expect(routeUpdate).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect($routeParams).toEqual({});
        });
      }
    );


    it('should not reload when `reloadOnUrl` is false and URL maps to the same route',
      function() {
        var routeChange = jasmine.createSpy('routeChange');
        var routeUpdate = jasmine.createSpy('routeUpdate');

        module(function($routeProvider) {
          $routeProvider.when('/path/:param', {reloadOnUrl: false});
        });

        inject(function($location, $rootScope, $routeParams) {
          $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart', routeChange);
          $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeSuccess', routeChange);
          $rootScope.$on('$routeUpdate', routeUpdate);

          expect(routeChange).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

          // Initial load
          $location.path('/path/foo');
          $rootScope.$digest();
          expect(routeChange).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
          expect(routeUpdate).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect($routeParams).toEqual({param: 'foo'});

          routeChange.calls.reset();

          // Route update (no reload)
          $location.path('/path/bar').search('foo', 'bar').hash('baz');
          $rootScope.$digest();
          expect(routeChange).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(routeUpdate).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
          expect($routeParams).toEqual({param: 'bar', foo: 'bar'});
        });
      }
    );


    it('should update `$routeParams` even when not reloading a route', function() {
      var routeChange = jasmine.createSpy('routeChange');

      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/path/:param', {reloadOnUrl: false});
      });

      inject(function($location, $rootScope, $routeParams) {
        $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart', routeChange);
        $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeSuccess', routeChange);

        expect(routeChange).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

        // Initial load
        $location.path('/path/foo');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(routeChange).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
        expect($routeParams).toEqual({param: 'foo'});

        routeChange.calls.reset();

        // Route update (no reload)
        $location.path('/path/bar');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(routeChange).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
        expect($routeParams).toEqual({param: 'bar'});
      });
    });


    describe('with `$route.reload()`', function() {
      var $location;
      var $log;
      var $rootScope;
      var $route;
      var routeChangeStart;
      var routeChangeSuccess;

      beforeEach(module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/path/:param', {
          template: '',
          reloadOnUrl: false,
          controller: function Controller($log) {
            $log.debug('initialized');
          }
        });
      }));

      beforeEach(inject(function($compile, _$location_, _$log_, _$rootScope_, _$route_) {
        $location = _$location_;
        $log = _$log_;
        $rootScope = _$rootScope_;
        $route = _$route_;

        routeChangeStart = jasmine.createSpy('routeChangeStart');
        routeChangeSuccess = jasmine.createSpy('routeChangeSuccess');

        $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart', routeChangeStart);
        $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeSuccess', routeChangeSuccess);

        element = $compile('<div><ng-view></ng-view></div>')($rootScope);
      }));


      it('should reload the current route', function() {
        $location.path('/path/foo');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect($location.path()).toBe('/path/foo');
        expect(routeChangeStart).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
        expect(routeChangeSuccess).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
        expect($log.debug.logs).toEqual([['initialized']]);

        routeChangeStart.calls.reset();
        routeChangeSuccess.calls.reset();
        $log.reset();

        $route.reload();
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect($location.path()).toBe('/path/foo');
        expect(routeChangeStart).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
        expect(routeChangeSuccess).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
        expect($log.debug.logs).toEqual([['initialized']]);

        $log.reset();
      });


      it('should support preventing a route reload', function() {
        $location.path('/path/foo');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect($location.path()).toBe('/path/foo');
        expect(routeChangeStart).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
        expect(routeChangeSuccess).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
        expect($log.debug.logs).toEqual([['initialized']]);

        routeChangeStart.calls.reset();
        routeChangeSuccess.calls.reset();
        $log.reset();

        routeChangeStart.and.callFake(function(evt) { evt.preventDefault(); });

        $route.reload();
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect($location.path()).toBe('/path/foo');
        expect(routeChangeStart).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
        expect(routeChangeSuccess).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
        expect($log.debug.logs).toEqual([]);
      });


      it('should reload the current route even if `reloadOnUrl` is disabled',
        inject(function($routeParams) {
          $location.path('/path/foo');
          $rootScope.$digest();
          expect(routeChangeStart).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
          expect(routeChangeSuccess).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
          expect($log.debug.logs).toEqual([['initialized']]);
          expect($routeParams).toEqual({param: 'foo'});

          routeChangeStart.calls.reset();
          routeChangeSuccess.calls.reset();
          $log.reset();

          $location.path('/path/bar');
          $rootScope.$digest();
          expect(routeChangeStart).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(routeChangeSuccess).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect($log.debug.logs).toEqual([]);
          expect($routeParams).toEqual({param: 'bar'});

          $route.reload();
          $rootScope.$digest();
          expect(routeChangeStart).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
          expect(routeChangeSuccess).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
          expect($log.debug.logs).toEqual([['initialized']]);
          expect($routeParams).toEqual({param: 'bar'});

          $log.reset();
        })
      );
    });
  });

  describe('reloadOnSearch', function() {
    it('should not have any effect if `reloadOnUrl` is false', function() {
      var reloaded = jasmine.createSpy('route reload');

      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/foo', {
          reloadOnUrl: false,
          reloadOnSearch: true
        });
      });

      inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope, $routeParams) {
        $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart', reloaded);

        $location.path('/foo');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(reloaded).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
        expect($routeParams).toEqual({});

        reloaded.calls.reset();

        // trigger reload (via .search())
        $location.search({foo: 'bar'});
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(reloaded).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
        expect($routeParams).toEqual({foo: 'bar'});

        // trigger reload (via .hash())
        $location.hash('baz');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(reloaded).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
        expect($routeParams).toEqual({foo: 'bar'});
      });
    });


    it('should reload when `reloadOnSearch` is true and `.search()`/`.hash()` changes',
      function() {
        var reloaded = jasmine.createSpy('route reload');

        module(function($routeProvider) {
          $routeProvider.when('/foo', {controller: angular.noop});
        });

        inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope, $routeParams) {
          $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart', reloaded);

          $location.path('/foo');
          $rootScope.$digest();
          expect(reloaded).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
          expect($routeParams).toEqual({});

          reloaded.calls.reset();

          // trigger reload (via .search())
          $location.search({foo: 'bar'});
          $rootScope.$digest();
          expect(reloaded).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
          expect($routeParams).toEqual({foo: 'bar'});

          reloaded.calls.reset();

          // trigger reload (via .hash())
          $location.hash('baz');
          $rootScope.$digest();
          expect(reloaded).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
          expect($routeParams).toEqual({foo: 'bar'});
        });
      }
    );


    it('should not reload when `reloadOnSearch` is false and `.search()`/`.hash()` changes',
      function() {
        var routeChange = jasmine.createSpy('route change'),
            routeUpdate = jasmine.createSpy('route update');

        module(function($routeProvider) {
          $routeProvider.when('/foo', {controller: angular.noop, reloadOnSearch: false});
        });

        inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope) {
          $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart', routeChange);
          $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeSuccess', routeChange);
          $rootScope.$on('$routeUpdate', routeUpdate);

          expect(routeChange).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

          $location.path('/foo');
          $rootScope.$digest();
          expect(routeChange).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
          expect(routeUpdate).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

          routeChange.calls.reset();

          // don't trigger reload (via .search())
          $location.search({foo: 'bar'});
          $rootScope.$digest();
          expect(routeChange).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(routeUpdate).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();

          routeUpdate.calls.reset();

          // don't trigger reload (via .hash())
          $location.hash('baz');
          $rootScope.$digest();
          expect(routeChange).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
          expect(routeUpdate).toHaveBeenCalled();
        });
      }
    );


    it('should reload when `reloadOnSearch` is false and url differs only in route path param',
      function() {
        var routeChange = jasmine.createSpy('route change');

        module(function($routeProvider) {
          $routeProvider.when('/foo/:fooId', {controller: angular.noop, reloadOnSearch: false});
        });

        inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope) {
          $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart', routeChange);
          $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeSuccess', routeChange);

          expect(routeChange).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

          $location.path('/foo/aaa');
          $rootScope.$digest();
          expect(routeChange).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
          routeChange.calls.reset();

          $location.path('/foo/bbb');
          $rootScope.$digest();
          expect(routeChange).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
          routeChange.calls.reset();

          $location.search({foo: 'bar'}).hash('baz');
          $rootScope.$digest();
          expect(routeChange).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
        });
      }
    );


    it('should update params when `reloadOnSearch` is false and `.search()` changes', function() {
      var routeParamsWatcher = jasmine.createSpy('routeParamsWatcher');

      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/foo', {controller: angular.noop});
        $routeProvider.when('/bar/:barId', {controller: angular.noop, reloadOnSearch: false});
      });

      inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope, $routeParams) {
        $rootScope.$watch(function() {
          return $routeParams;
        }, function(value) {
          routeParamsWatcher(value);
        }, true);

        expect(routeParamsWatcher).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

        $location.path('/foo');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(routeParamsWatcher).toHaveBeenCalledWith({});
        routeParamsWatcher.calls.reset();

        // trigger reload
        $location.search({foo: 'bar'});
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(routeParamsWatcher).toHaveBeenCalledWith({foo: 'bar'});
        routeParamsWatcher.calls.reset();

        $location.path('/bar/123').search({});
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(routeParamsWatcher).toHaveBeenCalledWith({barId: '123'});
        routeParamsWatcher.calls.reset();

        // don't trigger reload
        $location.search({foo: 'bar'});
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect(routeParamsWatcher).toHaveBeenCalledWith({barId: '123', foo: 'bar'});
      });
    });


    it('should allow using a function as a template', function() {
      var customTemplateWatcher = jasmine.createSpy('customTemplateWatcher');

      function customTemplateFn(routePathParams) {
        customTemplateWatcher(routePathParams);
        expect(routePathParams).toEqual({id: 'id3'});
        return '<h1>' + routePathParams.id + '</h1>';
      }

      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/bar/:id/:subid/:subsubid', {templateUrl: 'bar.html'});
        $routeProvider.when('/foo/:id', {template: customTemplateFn});
      });

      inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope) {
        $location.path('/foo/id3');
        $rootScope.$digest();

        expect(customTemplateWatcher).toHaveBeenCalledWith({id: 'id3'});
      });
    });


    it('should allow using a function as a templateUrl', function() {
      var customTemplateUrlWatcher = jasmine.createSpy('customTemplateUrlWatcher');

      function customTemplateUrlFn(routePathParams) {
        customTemplateUrlWatcher(routePathParams);
        expect(routePathParams).toEqual({id: 'id3'});
        return 'foo.html';
      }

      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/bar/:id/:subid/:subsubid', {templateUrl: 'bar.html'});
        $routeProvider.when('/foo/:id', {templateUrl: customTemplateUrlFn});
      });

      inject(function($route, $location, $rootScope) {
        $location.path('/foo/id3');
        $rootScope.$digest();

        expect(customTemplateUrlWatcher).toHaveBeenCalledWith({id: 'id3'});
        expect($route.current.loadedTemplateUrl).toEqual('foo.html');
      });
    });


    describe('with `$route.reload()`', function() {
      var $location;
      var $log;
      var $rootScope;
      var $route;
      var routeChangeStartSpy;
      var routeChangeSuccessSpy;

      beforeEach(module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/bar/:barId', {
          template: '',
          controller: controller,
          reloadOnSearch: false
        });

        function controller($log) {
          $log.debug('initialized');
        }
      }));
      beforeEach(inject(function($compile, _$location_, _$log_, _$rootScope_, _$route_) {
        $location = _$location_;
        $log = _$log_;
        $rootScope = _$rootScope_;
        $route = _$route_;

        routeChangeStartSpy = jasmine.createSpy('routeChangeStart');
        routeChangeSuccessSpy = jasmine.createSpy('routeChangeSuccess');

        $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart', routeChangeStartSpy);
        $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeSuccess', routeChangeSuccessSpy);

        element = $compile('<div><div ng-view></div></div>')($rootScope);
      }));


      it('should reload the current route', function() {
        $location.path('/bar/123');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect($location.path()).toBe('/bar/123');
        expect(routeChangeStartSpy).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
        expect(routeChangeSuccessSpy).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
        expect($log.debug.logs).toEqual([['initialized']]);

        routeChangeStartSpy.calls.reset();
        routeChangeSuccessSpy.calls.reset();
        $log.reset();

        $route.reload();
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect($location.path()).toBe('/bar/123');
        expect(routeChangeStartSpy).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
        expect(routeChangeSuccessSpy).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
        expect($log.debug.logs).toEqual([['initialized']]);

        $log.reset();
      });


      it('should support preventing a route reload', function() {
        $location.path('/bar/123');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect($location.path()).toBe('/bar/123');
        expect(routeChangeStartSpy).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
        expect(routeChangeSuccessSpy).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
        expect($log.debug.logs).toEqual([['initialized']]);

        routeChangeStartSpy.calls.reset();
        routeChangeSuccessSpy.calls.reset();
        $log.reset();

        routeChangeStartSpy.and.callFake(function(evt) { evt.preventDefault(); });

        $route.reload();
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect($location.path()).toBe('/bar/123');
        expect(routeChangeStartSpy).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
        expect(routeChangeSuccessSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
        expect($log.debug.logs).toEqual([]);
      });


      it('should reload even if reloadOnSearch is false', inject(function($routeParams) {
        $location.path('/bar/123');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect($routeParams).toEqual({barId: '123'});
        expect(routeChangeSuccessSpy).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
        expect($log.debug.logs).toEqual([['initialized']]);

        routeChangeSuccessSpy.calls.reset();
        $log.reset();

        $location.search('a=b');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect($routeParams).toEqual({barId: '123', a: 'b'});
        expect(routeChangeSuccessSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
        expect($log.debug.logs).toEqual([]);

        routeChangeSuccessSpy.calls.reset();
        $log.reset();

        $location.hash('c');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect($routeParams).toEqual({barId: '123', a: 'b'});
        expect(routeChangeSuccessSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
        expect($log.debug.logs).toEqual([]);

        $route.reload();
        $rootScope.$digest();
        expect($routeParams).toEqual({barId: '123', a: 'b'});
        expect(routeChangeSuccessSpy).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
        expect($log.debug.logs).toEqual([['initialized']]);

        $log.reset();
      }));
    });
  });

  describe('update', function() {
    it('should support single-parameter route updating', function() {
      var routeChangeSpy = jasmine.createSpy('route change');

      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/bar/:barId', {controller: angular.noop});
      });

      inject(function($route, $routeParams, $location, $rootScope) {
        $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeSuccess', routeChangeSpy);

        $location.path('/bar/1');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        routeChangeSpy.calls.reset();

        $route.updateParams({barId: '2'});
        $rootScope.$digest();

        expect($routeParams).toEqual({barId: '2'});
        expect(routeChangeSpy).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
        expect($location.path()).toEqual('/bar/2');
      });
    });

    it('should support total multi-parameter route updating', function() {
      var routeChangeSpy = jasmine.createSpy('route change');

      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/bar/:barId/:fooId/:spamId/:eggId', {controller: angular.noop});
      });

      inject(function($route, $routeParams, $location, $rootScope) {
        $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeSuccess', routeChangeSpy);

        $location.path('/bar/1/2/3/4');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        routeChangeSpy.calls.reset();

        $route.updateParams({barId: '5', fooId: '6', spamId: '7', eggId: '8'});
        $rootScope.$digest();

        expect($routeParams).toEqual({barId: '5', fooId: '6', spamId: '7', eggId: '8'});
        expect(routeChangeSpy).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
        expect($location.path()).toEqual('/bar/5/6/7/8');
      });
    });

    it('should support partial multi-parameter route updating', function() {
      var routeChangeSpy = jasmine.createSpy('route change');

      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/bar/:barId/:fooId/:spamId/:eggId', {controller: angular.noop});
      });

      inject(function($route, $routeParams, $location, $rootScope) {
        $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeSuccess', routeChangeSpy);

        $location.path('/bar/1/2/3/4');
        $rootScope.$digest();
        routeChangeSpy.calls.reset();

        $route.updateParams({barId: '5', fooId: '6'});
        $rootScope.$digest();

        expect($routeParams).toEqual({barId: '5', fooId: '6', spamId: '3', eggId: '4'});
        expect(routeChangeSpy).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
        expect($location.path()).toEqual('/bar/5/6/3/4');
      });
    });


    it('should update query params when new properties are not in path', function() {
      var routeChangeSpy = jasmine.createSpy('route change');

      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/bar/:barId/:fooId/:spamId/', {controller: angular.noop});
      });

      inject(function($route, $routeParams, $location, $rootScope) {
        $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeSuccess', routeChangeSpy);

        $location.path('/bar/1/2/3');
        $location.search({initial: 'true'});
        $rootScope.$digest();
        routeChangeSpy.calls.reset();

        $route.updateParams({barId: '5', fooId: '6', eggId: '4'});
        $rootScope.$digest();

        expect($routeParams).toEqual({barId: '5', fooId: '6', spamId: '3', eggId: '4', initial: 'true'});
        expect(routeChangeSpy).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
        expect($location.path()).toEqual('/bar/5/6/3/');
        expect($location.search()).toEqual({eggId: '4', initial: 'true'});
      });
    });

    it('should not update query params when an optional property was previously not in path', function() {
      var routeChangeSpy = jasmine.createSpy('route change');

      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/bar/:barId/:fooId/:spamId/:eggId?', {controller: angular.noop});
      });

      inject(function($route, $routeParams, $location, $rootScope) {
        $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeSuccess', routeChangeSpy);

        $location.path('/bar/1/2/3');
        $location.search({initial: 'true'});
        $rootScope.$digest();
        routeChangeSpy.calls.reset();

        $route.updateParams({barId: '5', fooId: '6', eggId: '4'});
        $rootScope.$digest();

        expect($routeParams).toEqual({barId: '5', fooId: '6', spamId: '3', eggId: '4', initial: 'true'});
        expect(routeChangeSpy).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
        expect($location.path()).toEqual('/bar/5/6/3/4');
        expect($location.search()).toEqual({initial: 'true'});
      });
    });

    it('should complain if called without an existing route', inject(function($route) {
      expect(function() { $route.updateParams(); }).toThrowMinErr('ngRoute', 'norout');
    }));
  });

  describe('testability', function() {
    it('should wait for $resolve promises before calling callbacks', function() {
      var deferred;

      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/path', {
          resolve: {
            a: function($q) {
              deferred = $q.defer();
              return deferred.promise;
            }
          }
        });
      });

      inject(function($browser, $location, $rootScope, $$testability) {
        $location.path('/path');
        $rootScope.$digest();

        var callback = jasmine.createSpy('callback');
        $$testability.whenStable(callback);
        expect(callback).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

        deferred.resolve();
        $browser.defer.flush();
        expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalled();
      });
    });

    it('should call callback after $resolve promises are rejected', function() {
      var deferred;

      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/path', {
          resolve: {
            a: function($q) {
              deferred = $q.defer();
              return deferred.promise;
            }
          }
        });
      });

      inject(function($browser, $location, $rootScope, $$testability) {
        $location.path('/path');
        $rootScope.$digest();

        var callback = jasmine.createSpy('callback');
        $$testability.whenStable(callback);
        expect(callback).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

        deferred.reject();
        $browser.defer.flush();
        expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalled();
      });
    });

    it('should wait for resolveRedirectTo promises before calling callbacks', function() {
      var deferred;

      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/path', {
          resolveRedirectTo: function($q) {
            deferred = $q.defer();
            return deferred.promise;
          }
        });
      });

      inject(function($browser, $location, $rootScope, $$testability) {
        $location.path('/path');
        $rootScope.$digest();

        var callback = jasmine.createSpy('callback');
        $$testability.whenStable(callback);
        expect(callback).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

        deferred.resolve();
        $browser.defer.flush();
        expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalled();
      });
    });

    it('should call callback after resolveRedirectTo promises are rejected', function() {
      var deferred;

      module(function($routeProvider) {
        $routeProvider.when('/path', {
          resolveRedirectTo: function($q) {
            deferred = $q.defer();
            return deferred.promise;
          }
        });
      });

      inject(function($browser, $location, $rootScope, $$testability) {
        $location.path('/path');
        $rootScope.$digest();

        var callback = jasmine.createSpy('callback');
        $$testability.whenStable(callback);
        expect(callback).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

        deferred.reject();
        $browser.defer.flush();
        expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalled();
      });
    });

    it('should wait for all route promises before calling callbacks', function() {
      var deferreds = {};

      module(function($routeProvider) {
        addRouteWithAsyncRedirect('/foo', '/bar');
        addRouteWithAsyncRedirect('/bar', '/baz');
        addRouteWithAsyncRedirect('/baz', '/qux');
        $routeProvider.when('/qux', {
          resolve: {
            a: function($q) {
              var deferred = deferreds['/qux'] = $q.defer();
              return deferred.promise;
            }
          }
        });

        // Helpers
        function addRouteWithAsyncRedirect(fromPath, toPath) {
          $routeProvider.when(fromPath, {
            resolveRedirectTo: function($q) {
              var deferred = deferreds[fromPath] = $q.defer();
              return deferred.promise.then(function() { return toPath; });
            }
          });
        }
      });

      inject(function($browser, $location, $rootScope, $$testability) {
        $location.path('/foo');
        $rootScope.$digest();

        var callback = jasmine.createSpy('callback');
        $$testability.whenStable(callback);
        expect(callback).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

        deferreds['/foo'].resolve();
        $browser.defer.flush();
        expect(callback).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

        deferreds['/bar'].resolve();
        $browser.defer.flush();
        expect(callback).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

        deferreds['/baz'].resolve();
        $browser.defer.flush();
        expect(callback).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

        deferreds['/qux'].resolve();
        $browser.defer.flush();
        expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalled();
      });
    });
  });
});


})(window, window.angular);